The Cold War And The Soviet Union - 1814 Words

INTRO: After World War II, there was peace and prosperity in America and many other parts of the world. However, for the Koreans, it was the beginning of a never ending split. When Japan fell, Korea was suddenly free, and hoped to finally become a unified state. However, the United States and the Soviet Union had different ideas. The Soviets wanted to have Korea under communist control and the United States wanted to establish a democracy. Additionally, the United States believed that containment, a foreign policy used to prevent the spread of communism, was extremely important. The Cold War is a term used to describe the relationship between America and the Soviet Union from 1945 to 1980. Neither side actually ever fought the other, as the end result would have been catastrophic. However, they did fight for their beliefs by using others who fought for their beliefs on their behalf. THESIS STATEMENT: Between the Cold War, North and South Korea’s desire to control their own land, and the threat of nuclear warfare, along with death rates plummeting and truces only resulting in endless attacks, the Korean War was inevitable. BODY: ADD TRANSITION The Korean War was the first battle of the Cold War, and first major proxy war fought between the United States and a Soviet communist supported enemy. A proxy war occurs when one or more opposing powers instigates a war and then uses third parties to fight on their behalf. Right between Japan to the east, Russia to the northeast,Show MoreRelatedThe Cold War And The Soviet Union973 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a state of economic, diplomatic, and ideological discord among nations without armed conflict. The Cold War was between the United States and the USSR because these were the two major powers after WWII. Basically, the Cold War was a series of proxy wars that had taken place back in time involving surrounding countries. One of the main causes for Cold War was that the Soviet Union was spreading communism and the United States didn’t like that so they were trying to contain communismRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold Wa r is unique among war’s to be not a war between states, but a war between ideologies. The United States and other allies defend social democracy capitalism, as the pinnacle of freedom and equality; and the Soviet Union though communism was the pinnacle of equality. These ideologies manifested themselves through the superpowers, which caused the conflict between them. Both the United States, and the Soviet Union are to blame for the outbreak of the Cold War. The United State’s missionRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1697 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War, in fact didn’t take place in the winter season, but was just as dangerously cold and unwelcoming, as it focused on two contrasting powers: the U.S. and the Soviet Union. After World War 2, the Cold War influenced capitalist U.S. and communist Soviet Union to engage in disagreements causing many disputes having to use military, economic and humanitarian aid. With different goals, the contrasting powers prove through the Marshall Plan, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and SALT that communismRead MoreThe Cold War And Soviet Union840 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many theories and opinions of how the cold war started. Some believe that the cold war was the result of the belligerence of Joseph Stalin and the insecurity it caused in the United States and the West. Others believe the primary responsibility for the cold war derives from the hardline policies of the United States. (Viewpoints Article: the Soviet Union Start the Cold War) I believe The Cold War was triggered by the theory of two superpower countries in a race for dominance in the worldRead MoreCold War And The Soviet Union859 Words   |  4 PagesAMS2270 Cold War This essay will discuss about cold war, including the background, beginning, progress and ending. As we know, cold war is a struggle between U.S. with NATO and Soviet Union with WTO from 1947 to 1991. It is a significant event in history, and it influence the almost all of world, it directly lead to the radical change of eastern Europe and the breakup of the USSR. In 1946 February, George.F.Kennan wrote a â€Å"Long Telegram†, it clearly said the strategy of containing Soviets and itRead MoreThe Cold War On The Soviet Union1230 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War’s effect on the Soviet Union Shortly after the World War 2 ended, the United States and its North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies entered the cold war with the Soviet Union. Germany was divided in half and later, the Berlin Wall was constructed as a physical boundary between the Soviet controlled East Germany and NATO controlled West Germany. This standoff continued until the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. The cold war had a huge influence on the world stage, but also had a majorRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1391 Words   |  6 Pageswake of World War II as the decades-long force of Germany’s reign came to its conclusion, an extensive repositioning of authority among the world’s top powers began. The war wielded devastating consequences for most countries involved and effectively diminished the dominance Britain and France once employed across the globe. Out of this devastation rose the two new dominating forces of the world who were triumphant in the aftermath of the war: the U nited States and the Soviet Union. The United StatesRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a period in world history marked with increased tensions primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union. Both countries desired to expand their ideologies across the globe, the U.S. urging capitalism and democratic elections and the Soviets promoting communism. After the allies had obtained victory in World War II, the Yalta Conference was held. Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, wanted to expand his sphere of influence into Eastern Europe and demanded thatRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1343 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: As one of the most important events in 20th century, the Cold War had a very deep influence for the human-being civilization and it changed the world structure . The United States and the Soviet Union ,the two poles, became enemies from friends after the World War II. They adopt hostile attitude towards each other and criticized the the opponents’ social systems. To find out who provoked the Cold War, the US, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdoms ,Roosevelt, Truman ,Stalin, and ChurchillRead MoreThe Soviet Union Of The Cold War1745 Words   |  7 Pages During the era of the Cold War, starting in 1947 and definitively ending in 1991, the United States and the Soviet Union faced off in conflicts with each other through smaller states. The United States and Soviet Union faced off to see who could spread their ideology the most in Europe. The Soviet Union used force and supported coups to spread communism while the United States installed democratic governments as a way to counter communism in Eastern Europe. These small conflicts that the two superpowers

The Use of Banduras Social Learning Theory in Schools Essay

One of the central tenants of Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, which is also called Social Cognitive Theory, is that â€Å"aggression in children is influenced by the reinforcement of family members, the media, and the environment† (Bandura, 1975, pp. 206-208). Evans (1989) suggested that the basis for Bandura’s theories came from work completed by researchers Miller and Dollard (1941) who suggested that human development is actively influenced by â€Å"response consequences† (Evans, 1989, p. 4), but regardless of the impetus for Bandura’s work, he is most known for his work regarding aggression in children. This paper will focus on why the principles of Bandura’s Social Learning Theory will benefit leaders in school environments as they†¦show more content†¦Therefore, from a human developmental perspective, the self-efficacy characteristic can aid students in comprehending the link between current behavior and future consequ ences (Evans, 1989). Bandura also noted that there were four distinct processes that influence a child’s behavior – attention, retention, motor reproduction and motivation. During the attention phase, a child will observe behaviors conducted around them and if this attention is thorough enough, the child will absorb the reactions and reasons for the aggressive behavior modeled. Bandura believed that the second stage, retention, is also vitally important because it is this re-enactment that causes the behavior to be transferred to the long-term memory of the child. Of course, even if the child has memorized the actions, they still need to have the physical attributes necessary to reproduce an action they have seen, but there is little physical dexterity needed to hit or punch something (Isom, 1998). The final phase of this process is the motivation for the behavior. In Bandura’s experiment the children observed an adult praised for behaving badly, and this is en ough, under Bandura’s theory, to cement those actions into a repeatable response by the child at a later stage. Bandura believes this theory also supports the rise in the number of aggressive teens in high crime areas (Isom, 1998). It is this correlation betweenShow MoreRelatedAlbert Bandura s Social Learning Theory1503 Words   |  7 PagesAlbert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory with Piaget’s Cognitive Theory. compare and contrast Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory with Piaget’s Cognitive Theory. How applicable is the Social learning Theory to the Zambian Educational system. Both Albert Bandura and Jean Piaget were psychologists who contributed greatly in the field of psychology. This implies that there are some similarities and differences between Albert Bandura’s Social learning theories with Piaget’s cognitive theory. On theRead MoreAlbert Bandura s Social Learning Theory1323 Words   |  6 PagesAlbert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory has aided in the understanding of human development. Humans are a unique set of individuals who continue to evolve in nature. They are social beings and interactions make up a significant part of their daily lives and general nature. My interest in this theory comes from my tendency to observe others. It’s fascinating to see how people are going to react to situations that come their way and how they develop from it. People tend to learn from others as wellRead MoreAlbert Bandura Created The Social Cognitive Theory, Which1459 Words   |  6 Pages Albert Bandura created the Social Cognitive Theory, which is actions shown or displayed in front of a child is how he/she will act. Bandura has spent most of his life studied the behavioral traits in young children, mostly aggression in younger children. With Bandura’s theory we will learn about why it is so important to demonstrate it in the classroom, the key points of this theory and learn more about Albert Bandura and how he came up with the theory. Biographical Background of Albert BanduraRead MoreAlbert Bandura s Social Learning Theory1340 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory is a theory that includes development theories in order to understand how children learn. Bandura’s theory is based on how people can learn by observing others, how internal mental states influence people, and how learning something does not change one’s behavior every time. Bandura was able to find out that people learn by three observational models. The first model is the live model which includes observing how someone demonstrates the behaviorRead MoreThe Social Cognitive Theory Of Albert Bandura1012 Words   |  5 PagesThe Social Cognitive Theory of Albert Bandura Albert Bandura is well known for his accomplishments and scientific contributions to the world of psychology. His research has helped to explain how individuals in a society are influenced by other individuals in the same society. It has also helped in understanding how external factors can influence’s ones feelings of self-worth. Albert Bandura was born in Alberta, Canada on December 5, 1925. Throughout his childhood, Bandura was part of a school systemRead MoreThe Psychological Theories Of Alcohol Dependence, Social Learning Theory And Alcohol Expectancy Theory Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pagespsychological theories of alcohol dependence, social learning theory and alcohol expectancy theory. Bandura’s Social Learning Theory and Its Application to Alcohol Dependency Social learning theory is the cumulative works of many psychologists and sociologists, the most influential of these, was Bandura (1969, 1977 and 1986) whose works were the first to combine the principles of cognitive psychology and those of behavioural learning (the two prominent theories of the time). Bandura’s (1969, 1977 andRead MoreTheories of Development1202 Words   |  5 Pagespractice is affected by theories of development which are written by many physcologists who have studied children and ways in which they develop. They have many varied ideas about how children learn. The physcologists have proposed different theories that they claim to explain children’s learning and how important the nature versus nurture argument is. Some of the physcologists and their theories are outlined in this essay. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Jean Piaget’s theory was that children learnRead MoreI Support Dewey s Approach At The Policy Making Level832 Words   |  4 Pages Bruner’s, and Bandura’s theories that emphasize on the importance of social history, social, cultural and environmental context of the learning are the key to achieve the democracy in education approach in school. Teachers need to know, understand and discover what concerns students, what they are thinking of, and what interest them. The role of the teacher here is how the theories can be translated to practice. Curriculum development should focus on using the discovery learning that introducedRead MoreBehaviorism And The Operant Conditioning Theory Essay1415 Words   |  6 Pageslearn differently but children and adult learning differ also. Learning theories are conceptualized frameworks which describe how individuals absorb, process and retain information. Behaviorists such as John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, Edward L. Thorndike, Ivan Pavlov and Edwin R. Guthrie believed that all learners were passive in nature and only responded to external stimuli. Behaviorism, as explored by the before mentioned, is a biological basis of learning and focuses exclusively on observable behaviorsRead MoreThe Study Of Human Learning1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe study of human learning is an interesting yet complex topic, with three major theories contributing to explaining how and why children develop intellectually. These theories are: Behaviourism, social learning and cognitivism. Each theory is underpinne d by its own set of ideals, concepts and influential theorists and the development of these key theories has informed the teaching and learning styles adopted in schools today. The different theories present conflicting explanations that attempt

Talk Show Example Script Free Essays

HIGHER SCORE TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS classes for serious students How to Paraphrase Effectively Introduction â€Å"Paraphrase† is a verb which means to re-write a phrase or sentence with the same meaning but using different words. Paraphrasing is a very important skill for most English tests, including TOEFL iBT, IELTS and TOEIC Speaking and Writing. In TOEFL iBT, for instance, paraphrasing is an important skill in the reading section, in the listening section and, above all, in the speaking and writing sections of the test. We will write a custom essay sample on Talk Show Example Script or any similar topic only for you Order Now Here is a quick example of paraphrasing using a phrase from the paragraph above: 1. Paraphrasing is a very important skill for most English tests. † 2. â€Å"For many tests of English, being skilful at paraphrasing is extremely important. † Notice how the paraphrased version (sentence 2) changes some vocabulary (e. g. , â€Å"extremely† for â€Å"very†), changes the word order (e. g. , â€Å"tests of English† for â€Å"English tests†) and changes the grammar (e. g. , â€Å"being skilful at paraphrasing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  for â€Å"Paraphrasing is a very important skill†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) These are the three main ways to paraphrase and by combining all of these methods, you can achieve clear and accurate paraphrased sentences. The next sections will look at these methods in more detail. Paraphrasing Method 1: Use Different Vocabulary with the Same Meaning Most students try to use this method, but actually it can be difficult to use. The reason is that although English has many synonyms such as ‘large’ or ‘big’, it is unusual for these words to have exactly the same meaning. So, if you try to use a lot of synonyms when you paraphrase, you might produce sentences that are not natural English. Unnatural sentences are likely to reduce your score more than small mistakes because the reader may not understand what you are trying to say. For example, look at this original sentence and two paraphrased equivalents: 1. â€Å"It can be difficult to choose a suitable place to study English. † 2. â€Å"It is often a challenge to pick up (x) a relevant (x) school to learn English. † 3. â€Å"It is sometimes hard to select an appropriate place to learn English. † For non-native speakers, these three sentences might look like they have the same meaning. For native speakers, however, sentence 2 is unnatural. The first problem is â€Å"pick up†. This expression does NOT have the same meaning as â€Å"choose†, so this part of the paraphrased sentence is actually wrong. The second problem is the word â€Å"relevant†. In some cases, â€Å"relevant† and â€Å"suitable† are good synonyms but in this example they are not This article is copyright Higher Score, 2007. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form without permission. www. higherscore. ca contact@higherscore. ca HIGHER SCORE TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS classes for serious students How to Paraphrase Effectively close in meaning at all. Sentence 3 is a much better paraphrase of sentence 1 because all of the words have the same meaning. The best advice is to follow the â€Å"100% rule† for using synonyms: only use a synonym for a word if you are 100% certain that the new word has 100% the same meaning as the original word. If you are less than 100% certain, keep the same word and use either method two or method three to paraphrase your sentence. Paraphrasing Method 2: Change the Order of Words Changing the word order of a phrase or sentence is usually safer than using synonyms because the words are the same, so the meaning must be the same. However, it is not always easy to decide which words to move or to decide to which position the words should be moved Also, when you move a word you might need to change some other words, add some other words or cut some other words to ensure that the new sentence is grammatically correct. Here are two suggestions for how to change the word order without making errors: a. If the original sentence has two or more clauses, change the order of the clauses. 1. â€Å"If they have some help, most people can paraphrase effectively. However, practice is important because paraphrasing is difficult. † 2. â€Å"Most people can paraphrase effectively, if they have some help. Paraphrasing is difficult, however, so practice is important. † b. If the original sentence has an adjective and noun, change the adjective into a relative clause. 1. â€Å"Writing essays can be a challenging task. † 2. â€Å"Writing essays can be a task which is challenging. † Paraphrasing Method 3: Use Different Grammar It sounds very difficult to use different grammar, but actually it is easier than changing vocabulary. In addition, if you change the grammar and make an error, usually the reader will understand what you mean. However, if you change the vocabulary and make an error, often the reader will not understand what you mean. So, although changing the grammar has some advantages, it is still not easy and you should practice it as often as possible. Here are two suggestions for how to change the grammar without making errors: This article is copyright Higher Score, 2007. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form without permission. www. higherscore. a contact@higherscore. ca HIGHER SCORE TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS classes for serious students How to Paraphrase Effectively a. Change some of the words in the original sentence into different parts of speech (you will often need to change the word order and some other words, too). 1. â€Å"The most effective way to build your English skill is to study regularly. † 2. â€Å"The most effective way of building your English skill is to do studying on a regular basis. † b. If the original sentence is in the active voice, change it to passive or vice versa. 1. To improve English, you should learn new vocabulary on a daily basis. † 2. â€Å"To improve English, new vocabulary should be learned on a daily basis† Further Practice By using the methods and ideas given in this article, you should be able to improve your paraphrasing skill. In tests like IELTS and TOEFL iBT you will often need to paraphrase quickly, so you need to practice regularly if you are going to get better and faster. Start by practicing each method individually and then begin combining the methods until you are comfortable at using all three of them. If you want to see more examples of paraphrasing, one of the best ideas is to compare two news articles about a current event in two different newspapers. The stories will contain most of the same details, but the sentences will be different. By comparing the sentences and paragraphs you will get more ideas about how to paraphrase and see some real examples. Newspaper websites are often a good place to see two different articles without paying for two different newspapers. This article is copyright Higher Score, 2007. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form without permission. ww. higherscore. ca contact@higherscore. ca HIGHER SCORE TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS classes for serious students How to Paraphrase Effectively Useful Words The following list defines some of the difficult words used in this article. A synonym is a word or phrase that has almost the same meaning as another word or phrase. For example, ‘smart’, ‘clever’ and ‘intelligen t’ are all synonyms because they have almost the same meaning. If two things are equivalent, they are equal or almost equal to each other although they might be in different places. For example, the British ‘prime minister’ is equivalent to the United States ‘president’ because both the ‘prime minister’ and ‘president’ are the most powerful politicians in their country. If somebody ensures something, the person makes sure that something is correct or true or OK. For example, if I am going on a trip, I will check my pocket to ensure that I have my passport. A clause is a grammar word that describes part of a sentence that contains a subject and a verb. Most clauses also contain an object or subject complement. Some clauses are ‘reduced’ which means that subject (and sometimes the auxiliary verb) are omitted. The phrase part of speech is used to describe the different types of words that are used in English. For example, ‘noun’, ‘verb’, ‘adjective’ and ‘adverb’ are four common parts of speech. The expression (and/or) vice versa is used to indicate that the opposite of something which was just mentioned is also true. For example, ‘If the book is on the shelf, put it in the box and vice versa’ means ‘If the book is on the shelf, put it in the box and if the book is in the box, put it on the shelf. This article is provided as a free service to all test preparation students by Higher Score, Canada’s number one test preparation centre. Students are welcome to send copies of this article to other students who are taking a test. However, this article may not be distributed in any other way without the expres s written consent of Higher Score. This article is copyright Higher Score, 2007. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form without permission. www. higherscore. ca contact@higherscore. ca How to cite Talk Show Example Script, Essay examples

Accounting for Managers Global Reporting Initiative

Question: Describe about the Accounting for Managers for Global Reporting Initiative. Answer: Introduction The Global Reporting initiative is a widely used global reporting framework that provides direction to the companies. The companies by applying these guidelines improve their disclosure relating to sustainability. The Blackmore is the largest health care business of Australia. In this report an attempt is made to analyze the environmental and social impact of the Blackmores operations (Hahn Khnen, 2013). The GRI guidelines and the changes in the annual reports that are required in annual report are also discussed. The report highlights the benefits that the potential investors, shareholders and other stakeholders will have on implementing of the GRI guidelines by the Blackmores. Features of Blackmores Maurice Blackmore 1932 established the company Blackmores and since then the company has come long way to become the Australia leading health care company. The company has combined traditional methods with the scientific methods for providing optimal well being and health (Junior et al., 2014). The company uses ingredients from around the world for producing extensive range of products that includes herbal supplements, mineral supplements, vitamins and nutritional foods. The products made comply with the rules laid down in Australian Manufacturing Standards and quality checks are conducted at regular intervals. The Blackmores is a publicly listed ASX100 company with $2.3 billion market capitalization. The company was unable to maintain stock for the growing demands in the Asian market. As a result, the company has entered into number of partnership arrangements and invested heavily in the capacity building of the company. The company also maintained inventory of critical scare raw materials so that the company could maintain the stock of the products in the vulnerable markets (Fernandez-Feijoo et al., 2014). The company has seen a 52% increase in sales during the year 2016. The company has incurred total expenses of $454.00 million in operation during 2016, which is a 43% increase in expenses from the previous year. The sales related expenses has incased by 46% to become $225.00 million during the year. The increase in expenditure and growth of sales related expenses along with sales growth figure shows that the company is focused on product innovations and sales (Gherardi et al., 2014). The positive effect of the heavy expenses is that the company in just last 12months has managed to produce 43 million capsules and 486 million tablets and has shipped them to around 25000 retail partners across the globe. This also reflects the unprecedented demand of the products of the Blackmores (Islam et al., 2016). The company has undertaken various capacity building initiative to meet the customers demand and maintain the quality standard. The company has increased its staff and has shifted the packaging facility. The company has audited suppliers to find most secured suppliers that maintains high standard of quality (Fonseca et al., 2014). It has increased its warehouse facility across Australia. The company in order to carter to the demands of the domestic and international market has invested in plant equipment that will increase the production capacity from 4000 tablets per minute to 13000 tablets per minute. Environmental and Social Impact of the Blackmores operation The company heavily relies on natural environment for its wide range of products. Therefore, the company is committed in practicing environment sustainable operation. The term sustainable development means economic progress or development without damaging or depleting the environment (Adams et al., 2014). The company not only focuses on environmental protection but also incorporates corporate governance, responsibility to the community and workplace practice into sustainable development. Environmental Impact The company is continuously engaged in exploring alternative ways so that the environmental impact of its operation could be minimized. In order to reduce its environmental impact from packaging operation the company has signed the Australian packaging covenant. This is changing the operating culture of the business by combing the efforts of government, business and community to find a sustainable packaging solution of the business. The company uses glass for packaging its product to reduce its waste (Higgins et al., 2015). The company in the year 214 has initiated a process called close loop for bulk deliveries in packaging facility. This initiative has reduced the waste and cost thereby increasing the operating efficiency of the company. The companys other environmental friendly initiative is that it has adopted a paperless order picking. The headquarters of the company also has numerous environmental sustainable features as it has own electricity generation plant that runs in para llel with local grid. The company also promotes bio diversity in the local environment. Social impact The company is committed for long-term social responsibility. The company always held the firm believes that if the peoples are taken care off then people will take care of other issues. The company in order to promote its corporate values positively influences society through its education, research and social participation initiatives. The company is dedicated in building local and global partnership so that a culture of health and wellbeing could be established. The primary aim of the company is to build marketplace, community and supportive work force. The company has supported more than 50 charitable institutions and numerous individual for creating brighter future (Farneti Rammal, 2013). GRI guidelines The G4 sustainability reporting launched by The Global reporting initiative has improved sustainability reporting and it has helped the reporters and the shareholders. The GRI guideline offers description of the reporting process that is applicable to all the organizations that are preparing sustainability report. In accordance with this guideline, the reporting organization is required to disclose the critical impacts the business operation has on society, economy and environment (Lee Vachon, 2016). The impact whether positive or negative both are to be disclosed as per the requirement. This generates standardized relevant informations that is reliable and is useful in assessing the opportunities and risks. This guideline has enabled both the stakeholders and the business to make a more informed decision. These guidelines have been designed so that they can be implemented in any type of organization across the globe. The GRI in 2000 has recommended a structure of the report with si x key elements of CEO Statement, Profile of reporting organization, executive summary and key indicators, strategy and vision, policies, management system and performance. In 2002, separate executive summary statement was removed and the CEO statement was removed to vision and strategy section. The GRI requires the company to consult with the stakeholders and to report the outcomes of such consultations (Bhaduri Selarka, 2016). The primary aim of the sustainability report is to provide new opportunities for positive change, doing business with the sustainable development for better social development and to provide long-term sustainable financial performance of the company. The Blackmores in 2016 has prepared its first sustainability report. This report provides the basis for future reporting. The report has been prepared with the extensive consultation of stakeholders as per the requirements of the GRI guidelines. GAP Analysis The G4 sustainability guideline must be applied in preparing the sustainability report by the organizations. The content of the sustainability report prepared by the company should: Identify relevant areas and the effects on the activities, service, product and relationship should be assessed; It should be identified whether the impact occurs within the organization or outside the organization; The identified aspects should be prioritize according to the materiality and it should be decided how much coverage to be given to the various aspects; The managements approach should be disclosed; The indicators that are related to the material aspects should be disclosed; The Blackmores has started the sustainability report on 2016 so the annual reports prior to these periods are analyzed. This analysis is conducted to find the gap in the information presented in the annual report. The G4 sustainability guideline has given more emphasis on materiality. According to the GRI guideline, the contents of the report should be focused and the issues that are most critical to the business should be reported in details. The report therefore should focus on material issue that is known as Material Aspect and the focus should be maintained throughout the report (Lee 2015). The report should also mention the initiative taken by the management in order to manage the material aspects. This is provided in the report under the heading Disclosure on management approach. The report should highlight the impact of the material aspects identified. The report must explain the process of identifying the material aspects and hoe the stakeholders are involved in the process ( Ong et al., 2016). The Blackmores in 2015 has not prepared the annual report in accordance with the GRI guidelines. As a result, the annual report does not include the identification of material aspects and there is no disclosure on management approach. If the guideline had followed then the annual report of the company would include the above-mentioned requirements. The implementation of this guideline will help the company to shorter the organization report as the disclosure of material aspects will be in the form of lists. The company is required to assess the impact of each of the material aspects. This is known as the boundary. In order to comply with the GRI guidelines the Blackmores in its annual report is required to disclose the process that is applied to define the impact of the material aspects (Goswami Lodhia 2014). The companies will be required to document and report on the process in the annual report. The GRI guideline provides that the company can prepare a report using any of the two in accordance level. This two reporting methods are preparing the report meeting the in accordance criteria and preparing the report without meeting the in accordance criteria. The Blackmores can choose to follow the criterias to achieve the in accordance level or it should prepare the report without using in accordance and simply following the GRI guidelines (Boiral Henri 2015). The GRI guideline gives importance to the supply chain issue. It requires that the company must disclose how the social and environmental issues relating to the supply chain are managed. The guideline requires the company to disclose the followings: The procedures for screening the suppliers in accordance with the social and environmental impacts; The identification of the actual and potential negative impact related to the supply chain; The actions taken to reduce or mitigate the impact should be disclosed; The grievance related to supply chain management should be identified and the steps that are taken to mitigate such grievances should be disclosed; The Blackmores is required to design and implement a process for evaluating the impacts of the supply chain. This will require new process to identify the suppliers that have negative social and environmental impact. Benefits of GRI The GRI guidelines provides a framework that address the broad performance relating to social, environmental and economic issues and how it is reported to the stakeholders. This guides the organization in proving the impact. It is a widely used method for sustainability reporting so it increases the comparability of the results of different organizations across the globe. The reporting requirements of this guidelines enhances the accountability of the company as a result the more interested in assessing the impact of their operations. This accountability and the assessment of the operation of the business are helping in developing a more cohesive society. The sustainability reporting has also helped in building trust between the company and stakeholders (Adams 2013). There are investors that only invest in a more sustainable way of business. The sustainable business practice is very important for attracting potential investors. The reporting under GRI guidelines provides all the info rmation relating to sustainable business practice in a more systematic manner therefore potential investors give much value to this report. The supply chain management has been given huge focus in GRI guidelines therefore company will provide equal attention to all the stakeholders and not only investors. Conclusion The study above has shown that the GRI guidelines of sustainable reporting are an integral part of holistic reporting. The reporting based on GRI guideline helps the company to increase its reputation and efficiency. This reporting also aims to provide numerous benefits to other stakeholders. In conclusion it can be said that sustainable reporting has helped Blackmore to gain more efficiency, effectiveness and transparency in operations. This has in turn positively affected the performance of the business. Part B. 1 Global Therapeutics was established in 1999 by Byron Bay. Theproduct range of the company is the combination of modern scientific medicines and ancient Chinese medicine. In analyzing the financial statement of the company, it is found that major expense is the cost of inventories that are sold, then major expense is the employee benefit related expenses and another significant expenses of operation is operating lease payments. Therefore the significant costs of the Global Therapeutics related to operations are inventory cost, employee related expenses and lease payment. Another significant cost of the company apart from the current operating costs is the selling and distribution costs (DRURY 2013). 2. The change in the different type of costs due to change in the production level is referred to as cost behavior. There are primarily three types of costs according to the cost behavior. These costs are fixed costs, variable costs and semi variable costs. The fixed costs are those costs that do not change with the fluctuation in the level of production. These costs are incurred even if no units are produced for example rent. The number of units produced increases then the fixed costs per unit decreases and vice versa (Chen et al., 2012). The variable costs are those costs that are directly related to productions. The variable costs increases as the number of units produced increases and vice versa. The per unit variable costs always remains constant and does not change with the number of units produced. There is another type of cost that is a mix of variable and fixed costs this is known as semi variable costs. An example of semi variable costs is telephone expense (Hibbard et al., 20 13). The mixed costs are spitted in fixed and variable costs with the help of cost behavior analysis technique. In the case of Global Therapeutics the major costs of operations that were identified are inventory costs, employee related expenses and the lease payment. The inventory costs are variable costs because the inventory costs changes with change in production level. The lease payments are example of fixed costs because the lease payment is not affected by the level of production. The employee related expenses are the example of semi variable costs as there is a component of both fixed salary and variable bonuses and commissions (Armstrong, 2014). 3. In order to ascertain whether the breakeven analysis is an important tool for evaluating the desirability of Global Therapeutic acquisition it is important to have an understanding of breakeven analysis its advantages and disadvantages. The analysis of the relationship between the costs and profit volume at various activity levels is referred to as breakeven analysis. The breakeven point is that level of activity where the business makes neither profit nor loss (Hedman et al., 2012). At this level, the total money received from sales is spent for producing the item of sales. There are certain advantages of break-even analysis this are: It helps to measure profit and loss at different levels of productions and sales; It helps to predict the change in sales price; It is helpful in analyzing the relationship between the fixed and variable costs; There are certain disadvantages of breakeven analysis and this are: It is assumed that sales price are constant at all levels of production; It is also assumed that the production and the sales are the same; The breakeven analysis chart requires a lot of time to be prepared; It is applicable only for single product or single mix products; The breakeven point indicates the total amount of sales that the business needs before it starts earning profits. The breakeven analysis helps the business to identify the excessive fixed costs and reducing these fixed costs will help the business make more profit. In evaluating a business for acquisition, it is important that the cost behavior should be appropriately analyzed if breakeven analysis is to be used as the decision making tool (Cuganesan et al., 2012). The analysis of costs behavior means the determination of fixed, variable and mixed costs. This will help to identify the inefficiencies that could be reduced by reducing the costs. The decision making using break-even analysis means a project that helps in achieving the breakeven point early will be considered as a suitable project (Nekarda Ramey, 2013). Therefore reduction in fixed costs and achieving the break even early will be the only factors that would be considered in decision. If the profitability in short term i s the primary decision making objective then the breakeven analysis is the suitable method for screening projects. 4. Then balance scorecard is a strategic management and planning tool that is used by the business to align its activities with the vision statement of the organization. The balance scorecard approach makes a holistic view of the organization. It helps to improve the performance of the organization by measuring that is important (Grant, 2016). The balance score card approach analyses the business with the four perspectives this are financial, internal business process, customer, growth and learning. Financial Perspective In the financial perspective, the first objective is to increase the sales growth and the second objective is to increase the return on capital employed. In order to achieve the objective of sales growth the company is required to spend more on advertising the Chinese medicine and create channels with the established practicetioner of Chinese medicine (Kotas, 2014). The company in order to increase sales can also arrange for workshops promoting the importance and popularity of Chinese medicine. The second objective is to increase return on capital employed. In order to achieve this objective it is important that the company increase its profit. The profit can only be increased by reducing costs and increasing sales (Shephard 2012). The company can achieve both the increase in sales and reduction in costs by achieving optimum and functioning efficiently. This is could be helpful in evaluating the performance of the business. Customer perspective In the customer perspective, the primary objective is to attain customer satisfaction and another objective is to increase market share. The company can achieve the objective of customer satisfaction if the medicine is authentic and helpful in curing the diseases (Uyar Kuzey, 2016). The available of the medicine across the medical stores are important for customer satisfaction. In order to achieve the objective of increasing market share the company is required to aggressive marketing for capturing the market, increase the visibility of the product, create new distribution channels etc (Monczka et al., 2015). Internal business process perspective In internal business process, perspective the objective of the company is to increase the modernization of the process and the other objective is to manage inventory appropriately. In order to achieve the objective of modernization it is important to note that the Chinese medicines are ancient techniques so technology should be used prudently. The technology that increase productions and reduces costs should be adopted to attain this objective (Schuster 2015). The objective of proper inventory management can be achieved if the inventories are appropriately accounted in either the FIFO or LIFO basis. The stock levels should be appropriately evaluated and calculated so that there is no shortage of stock and unnecessary funds are not blocked in the stock. Learning and growth perspective In the learning and growth perspective, the two objectives are job satisfaction of the employees and training and learning opportunities to the employees. The company can attain the objective of job satisfaction by giving employees the best suitable jobs and by providing best working environment (De Zoysa et al., 2014). The company can attain the other objective by providing educational and learning facility. Part C 1. a) Statement showing calculation of Breakeven point and sales Particulars Protein Shakes Power up Vitamin Recharge bars Fixed Costs $ 58,783.78 $ 58,783.78 $ 27,432.43 Contribution per unit $ 4.35 $ 5.55 $ 2.80 Breakeven point 13512 10590 9794 Break even sales $ 105,392.81 $ 100,609.41 $ 54,849.19 b) Statement showing calculation of profit after tax Particulars Protein Shakes Power up Vitamin Recharge bars Units 15000 15000 7000 Selling Price per unit $ 7.80 $ 9.50 $ 5.60 Sales $ 117,000.00 $ 142,500.00 $ 39,200.00 Less: Variable costs Ingredient costs $ (46,500.00) $ (54,000.00) $ (19,250.00) packaging costs $ (5,250.00) $ (5,250.00) $ (350.00) Contribution $ 65,257.80 $ 83,259.50 $ 19,605.60 less: Fixed costs $ (58,783.78) $ (58,783.78) $ (27,432.43) Profit Before Tax $ 6,474.02 $ 24,475.72 $ (7,826.83) Less: tax @30% $ (1,942.20) $ (7,342.71) $ - Profit After tax $ 4,531.81 $ 17,133.00 $ (7,826.83) 2. Suggesting strategic alternative To: Retail head of Blackmores From: Strategic consultant Date: 18/09/2016 Subject: suggestion of alternative strategic initiatives Introduction In this memo, alternative strategic initiatives are suggested so that the required objectives could be achieved. The required objectives is to attain early breakeven of the company and increase profit of the company. Strategic initiatives The breakeven level can be reached early either by increasing contribution or by reducing fixed cost. The increase in contribution involves reducing variable costs or increase in sales price. The increase in sales price will reduce the competitive edge of the company so increasing sales price is not an option (Aoki Nguyen, 2014). The company can reduce costs but cost reduction involves reduction of excess expenses. If the company is incurring excess expenses then it should be reduced to improve the profit and achieve early breakeven sales. The other option is to increase the sales. On analyzing the statement of profit after tax, it can be seen that all the products except recharge is making a net profit (Fullerton et al., 2013). The Recharge bar has a positive contribution but it is making a net loss. These situations can be improved by increasing the sales of recharge bar that will increase contribution and eliminate loss. The Recharge bar attains no profit no loss at the level 271 81 units. Therefore, the company should at least sell these units to reduce costs and increase profit. Conclusion Based on the above analysis it is suggested that the company should increase its sell to increase the profits. The revised estimates show that the company will increase its overall profit by this strategy. The calculation is shown in the appendices. Reference Adams, C. (2013). 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