The Cold War And The Soviet Union - 1814 Words

INTRO: After World War II, there was peace and prosperity in America and many other parts of the world. However, for the Koreans, it was the beginning of a never ending split. When Japan fell, Korea was suddenly free, and hoped to finally become a unified state. However, the United States and the Soviet Union had different ideas. The Soviets wanted to have Korea under communist control and the United States wanted to establish a democracy. Additionally, the United States believed that containment, a foreign policy used to prevent the spread of communism, was extremely important. The Cold War is a term used to describe the relationship between America and the Soviet Union from 1945 to 1980. Neither side actually ever fought the other, as the end result would have been catastrophic. However, they did fight for their beliefs by using others who fought for their beliefs on their behalf. THESIS STATEMENT: Between the Cold War, North and South Korea’s desire to control their own land, and the threat of nuclear warfare, along with death rates plummeting and truces only resulting in endless attacks, the Korean War was inevitable. BODY: ADD TRANSITION The Korean War was the first battle of the Cold War, and first major proxy war fought between the United States and a Soviet communist supported enemy. A proxy war occurs when one or more opposing powers instigates a war and then uses third parties to fight on their behalf. Right between Japan to the east, Russia to the northeast,Show MoreRelatedThe Cold War And The Soviet Union973 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a state of economic, diplomatic, and ideological discord among nations without armed conflict. The Cold War was between the United States and the USSR because these were the two major powers after WWII. Basically, the Cold War was a series of proxy wars that had taken place back in time involving surrounding countries. One of the main causes for Cold War was that the Soviet Union was spreading communism and the United States didn’t like that so they were trying to contain communismRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold Wa r is unique among war’s to be not a war between states, but a war between ideologies. The United States and other allies defend social democracy capitalism, as the pinnacle of freedom and equality; and the Soviet Union though communism was the pinnacle of equality. These ideologies manifested themselves through the superpowers, which caused the conflict between them. Both the United States, and the Soviet Union are to blame for the outbreak of the Cold War. The United State’s missionRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1697 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War, in fact didn’t take place in the winter season, but was just as dangerously cold and unwelcoming, as it focused on two contrasting powers: the U.S. and the Soviet Union. After World War 2, the Cold War influenced capitalist U.S. and communist Soviet Union to engage in disagreements causing many disputes having to use military, economic and humanitarian aid. With different goals, the contrasting powers prove through the Marshall Plan, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and SALT that communismRead MoreThe Cold War And Soviet Union840 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many theories and opinions of how the cold war started. Some believe that the cold war was the result of the belligerence of Joseph Stalin and the insecurity it caused in the United States and the West. Others believe the primary responsibility for the cold war derives from the hardline policies of the United States. (Viewpoints Article: the Soviet Union Start the Cold War) I believe The Cold War was triggered by the theory of two superpower countries in a race for dominance in the worldRead MoreCold War And The Soviet Union859 Words   |  4 PagesAMS2270 Cold War This essay will discuss about cold war, including the background, beginning, progress and ending. As we know, cold war is a struggle between U.S. with NATO and Soviet Union with WTO from 1947 to 1991. It is a significant event in history, and it influence the almost all of world, it directly lead to the radical change of eastern Europe and the breakup of the USSR. In 1946 February, George.F.Kennan wrote a â€Å"Long Telegram†, it clearly said the strategy of containing Soviets and itRead MoreThe Cold War On The Soviet Union1230 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War’s effect on the Soviet Union Shortly after the World War 2 ended, the United States and its North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies entered the cold war with the Soviet Union. Germany was divided in half and later, the Berlin Wall was constructed as a physical boundary between the Soviet controlled East Germany and NATO controlled West Germany. This standoff continued until the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. The cold war had a huge influence on the world stage, but also had a majorRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1391 Words   |  6 Pageswake of World War II as the decades-long force of Germany’s reign came to its conclusion, an extensive repositioning of authority among the world’s top powers began. The war wielded devastating consequences for most countries involved and effectively diminished the dominance Britain and France once employed across the globe. Out of this devastation rose the two new dominating forces of the world who were triumphant in the aftermath of the war: the U nited States and the Soviet Union. The United StatesRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a period in world history marked with increased tensions primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union. Both countries desired to expand their ideologies across the globe, the U.S. urging capitalism and democratic elections and the Soviets promoting communism. After the allies had obtained victory in World War II, the Yalta Conference was held. Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, wanted to expand his sphere of influence into Eastern Europe and demanded thatRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1343 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: As one of the most important events in 20th century, the Cold War had a very deep influence for the human-being civilization and it changed the world structure . The United States and the Soviet Union ,the two poles, became enemies from friends after the World War II. They adopt hostile attitude towards each other and criticized the the opponents’ social systems. To find out who provoked the Cold War, the US, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdoms ,Roosevelt, Truman ,Stalin, and ChurchillRead MoreThe Soviet Union Of The Cold War1745 Words   |  7 Pages During the era of the Cold War, starting in 1947 and definitively ending in 1991, the United States and the Soviet Union faced off in conflicts with each other through smaller states. The United States and Soviet Union faced off to see who could spread their ideology the most in Europe. The Soviet Union used force and supported coups to spread communism while the United States installed democratic governments as a way to counter communism in Eastern Europe. These small conflicts that the two superpowers

The Use of Banduras Social Learning Theory in Schools Essay

One of the central tenants of Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, which is also called Social Cognitive Theory, is that â€Å"aggression in children is influenced by the reinforcement of family members, the media, and the environment† (Bandura, 1975, pp. 206-208). Evans (1989) suggested that the basis for Bandura’s theories came from work completed by researchers Miller and Dollard (1941) who suggested that human development is actively influenced by â€Å"response consequences† (Evans, 1989, p. 4), but regardless of the impetus for Bandura’s work, he is most known for his work regarding aggression in children. This paper will focus on why the principles of Bandura’s Social Learning Theory will benefit leaders in school environments as they†¦show more content†¦Therefore, from a human developmental perspective, the self-efficacy characteristic can aid students in comprehending the link between current behavior and future consequ ences (Evans, 1989). Bandura also noted that there were four distinct processes that influence a child’s behavior – attention, retention, motor reproduction and motivation. During the attention phase, a child will observe behaviors conducted around them and if this attention is thorough enough, the child will absorb the reactions and reasons for the aggressive behavior modeled. Bandura believed that the second stage, retention, is also vitally important because it is this re-enactment that causes the behavior to be transferred to the long-term memory of the child. Of course, even if the child has memorized the actions, they still need to have the physical attributes necessary to reproduce an action they have seen, but there is little physical dexterity needed to hit or punch something (Isom, 1998). The final phase of this process is the motivation for the behavior. In Bandura’s experiment the children observed an adult praised for behaving badly, and this is en ough, under Bandura’s theory, to cement those actions into a repeatable response by the child at a later stage. Bandura believes this theory also supports the rise in the number of aggressive teens in high crime areas (Isom, 1998). It is this correlation betweenShow MoreRelatedAlbert Bandura s Social Learning Theory1503 Words   |  7 PagesAlbert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory with Piaget’s Cognitive Theory. compare and contrast Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory with Piaget’s Cognitive Theory. How applicable is the Social learning Theory to the Zambian Educational system. Both Albert Bandura and Jean Piaget were psychologists who contributed greatly in the field of psychology. This implies that there are some similarities and differences between Albert Bandura’s Social learning theories with Piaget’s cognitive theory. On theRead MoreAlbert Bandura s Social Learning Theory1323 Words   |  6 PagesAlbert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory has aided in the understanding of human development. Humans are a unique set of individuals who continue to evolve in nature. They are social beings and interactions make up a significant part of their daily lives and general nature. My interest in this theory comes from my tendency to observe others. It’s fascinating to see how people are going to react to situations that come their way and how they develop from it. People tend to learn from others as wellRead MoreAlbert Bandura Created The Social Cognitive Theory, Which1459 Words   |  6 Pages Albert Bandura created the Social Cognitive Theory, which is actions shown or displayed in front of a child is how he/she will act. Bandura has spent most of his life studied the behavioral traits in young children, mostly aggression in younger children. With Bandura’s theory we will learn about why it is so important to demonstrate it in the classroom, the key points of this theory and learn more about Albert Bandura and how he came up with the theory. Biographical Background of Albert BanduraRead MoreAlbert Bandura s Social Learning Theory1340 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory is a theory that includes development theories in order to understand how children learn. Bandura’s theory is based on how people can learn by observing others, how internal mental states influence people, and how learning something does not change one’s behavior every time. Bandura was able to find out that people learn by three observational models. The first model is the live model which includes observing how someone demonstrates the behaviorRead MoreThe Social Cognitive Theory Of Albert Bandura1012 Words   |  5 PagesThe Social Cognitive Theory of Albert Bandura Albert Bandura is well known for his accomplishments and scientific contributions to the world of psychology. His research has helped to explain how individuals in a society are influenced by other individuals in the same society. It has also helped in understanding how external factors can influence’s ones feelings of self-worth. Albert Bandura was born in Alberta, Canada on December 5, 1925. Throughout his childhood, Bandura was part of a school systemRead MoreThe Psychological Theories Of Alcohol Dependence, Social Learning Theory And Alcohol Expectancy Theory Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pagespsychological theories of alcohol dependence, social learning theory and alcohol expectancy theory. Bandura’s Social Learning Theory and Its Application to Alcohol Dependency Social learning theory is the cumulative works of many psychologists and sociologists, the most influential of these, was Bandura (1969, 1977 and 1986) whose works were the first to combine the principles of cognitive psychology and those of behavioural learning (the two prominent theories of the time). Bandura’s (1969, 1977 andRead MoreTheories of Development1202 Words   |  5 Pagespractice is affected by theories of development which are written by many physcologists who have studied children and ways in which they develop. They have many varied ideas about how children learn. The physcologists have proposed different theories that they claim to explain children’s learning and how important the nature versus nurture argument is. Some of the physcologists and their theories are outlined in this essay. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Jean Piaget’s theory was that children learnRead MoreI Support Dewey s Approach At The Policy Making Level832 Words   |  4 Pages Bruner’s, and Bandura’s theories that emphasize on the importance of social history, social, cultural and environmental context of the learning are the key to achieve the democracy in education approach in school. Teachers need to know, understand and discover what concerns students, what they are thinking of, and what interest them. The role of the teacher here is how the theories can be translated to practice. Curriculum development should focus on using the discovery learning that introducedRead MoreBehaviorism And The Operant Conditioning Theory Essay1415 Words   |  6 Pageslearn differently but children and adult learning differ also. Learning theories are conceptualized frameworks which describe how individuals absorb, process and retain information. Behaviorists such as John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, Edward L. Thorndike, Ivan Pavlov and Edwin R. Guthrie believed that all learners were passive in nature and only responded to external stimuli. Behaviorism, as explored by the before mentioned, is a biological basis of learning and focuses exclusively on observable behaviorsRead MoreThe Study Of Human Learning1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe study of human learning is an interesting yet complex topic, with three major theories contributing to explaining how and why children develop intellectually. These theories are: Behaviourism, social learning and cognitivism. Each theory is underpinne d by its own set of ideals, concepts and influential theorists and the development of these key theories has informed the teaching and learning styles adopted in schools today. The different theories present conflicting explanations that attempt

Talk Show Example Script Free Essays

HIGHER SCORE TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS classes for serious students How to Paraphrase Effectively Introduction â€Å"Paraphrase† is a verb which means to re-write a phrase or sentence with the same meaning but using different words. Paraphrasing is a very important skill for most English tests, including TOEFL iBT, IELTS and TOEIC Speaking and Writing. In TOEFL iBT, for instance, paraphrasing is an important skill in the reading section, in the listening section and, above all, in the speaking and writing sections of the test. We will write a custom essay sample on Talk Show Example Script or any similar topic only for you Order Now Here is a quick example of paraphrasing using a phrase from the paragraph above: 1. Paraphrasing is a very important skill for most English tests. † 2. â€Å"For many tests of English, being skilful at paraphrasing is extremely important. † Notice how the paraphrased version (sentence 2) changes some vocabulary (e. g. , â€Å"extremely† for â€Å"very†), changes the word order (e. g. , â€Å"tests of English† for â€Å"English tests†) and changes the grammar (e. g. , â€Å"being skilful at paraphrasing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  for â€Å"Paraphrasing is a very important skill†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) These are the three main ways to paraphrase and by combining all of these methods, you can achieve clear and accurate paraphrased sentences. The next sections will look at these methods in more detail. Paraphrasing Method 1: Use Different Vocabulary with the Same Meaning Most students try to use this method, but actually it can be difficult to use. The reason is that although English has many synonyms such as ‘large’ or ‘big’, it is unusual for these words to have exactly the same meaning. So, if you try to use a lot of synonyms when you paraphrase, you might produce sentences that are not natural English. Unnatural sentences are likely to reduce your score more than small mistakes because the reader may not understand what you are trying to say. For example, look at this original sentence and two paraphrased equivalents: 1. â€Å"It can be difficult to choose a suitable place to study English. † 2. â€Å"It is often a challenge to pick up (x) a relevant (x) school to learn English. † 3. â€Å"It is sometimes hard to select an appropriate place to learn English. † For non-native speakers, these three sentences might look like they have the same meaning. For native speakers, however, sentence 2 is unnatural. The first problem is â€Å"pick up†. This expression does NOT have the same meaning as â€Å"choose†, so this part of the paraphrased sentence is actually wrong. The second problem is the word â€Å"relevant†. In some cases, â€Å"relevant† and â€Å"suitable† are good synonyms but in this example they are not This article is copyright Higher Score, 2007. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form without permission. www. higherscore. ca contact@higherscore. ca HIGHER SCORE TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS classes for serious students How to Paraphrase Effectively close in meaning at all. Sentence 3 is a much better paraphrase of sentence 1 because all of the words have the same meaning. The best advice is to follow the â€Å"100% rule† for using synonyms: only use a synonym for a word if you are 100% certain that the new word has 100% the same meaning as the original word. If you are less than 100% certain, keep the same word and use either method two or method three to paraphrase your sentence. Paraphrasing Method 2: Change the Order of Words Changing the word order of a phrase or sentence is usually safer than using synonyms because the words are the same, so the meaning must be the same. However, it is not always easy to decide which words to move or to decide to which position the words should be moved Also, when you move a word you might need to change some other words, add some other words or cut some other words to ensure that the new sentence is grammatically correct. Here are two suggestions for how to change the word order without making errors: a. If the original sentence has two or more clauses, change the order of the clauses. 1. â€Å"If they have some help, most people can paraphrase effectively. However, practice is important because paraphrasing is difficult. † 2. â€Å"Most people can paraphrase effectively, if they have some help. Paraphrasing is difficult, however, so practice is important. † b. If the original sentence has an adjective and noun, change the adjective into a relative clause. 1. â€Å"Writing essays can be a challenging task. † 2. â€Å"Writing essays can be a task which is challenging. † Paraphrasing Method 3: Use Different Grammar It sounds very difficult to use different grammar, but actually it is easier than changing vocabulary. In addition, if you change the grammar and make an error, usually the reader will understand what you mean. However, if you change the vocabulary and make an error, often the reader will not understand what you mean. So, although changing the grammar has some advantages, it is still not easy and you should practice it as often as possible. Here are two suggestions for how to change the grammar without making errors: This article is copyright Higher Score, 2007. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form without permission. www. higherscore. a contact@higherscore. ca HIGHER SCORE TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS classes for serious students How to Paraphrase Effectively a. Change some of the words in the original sentence into different parts of speech (you will often need to change the word order and some other words, too). 1. â€Å"The most effective way to build your English skill is to study regularly. † 2. â€Å"The most effective way of building your English skill is to do studying on a regular basis. † b. If the original sentence is in the active voice, change it to passive or vice versa. 1. To improve English, you should learn new vocabulary on a daily basis. † 2. â€Å"To improve English, new vocabulary should be learned on a daily basis† Further Practice By using the methods and ideas given in this article, you should be able to improve your paraphrasing skill. In tests like IELTS and TOEFL iBT you will often need to paraphrase quickly, so you need to practice regularly if you are going to get better and faster. Start by practicing each method individually and then begin combining the methods until you are comfortable at using all three of them. If you want to see more examples of paraphrasing, one of the best ideas is to compare two news articles about a current event in two different newspapers. The stories will contain most of the same details, but the sentences will be different. By comparing the sentences and paragraphs you will get more ideas about how to paraphrase and see some real examples. Newspaper websites are often a good place to see two different articles without paying for two different newspapers. This article is copyright Higher Score, 2007. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form without permission. ww. higherscore. ca contact@higherscore. ca HIGHER SCORE TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS classes for serious students How to Paraphrase Effectively Useful Words The following list defines some of the difficult words used in this article. A synonym is a word or phrase that has almost the same meaning as another word or phrase. For example, ‘smart’, ‘clever’ and ‘intelligen t’ are all synonyms because they have almost the same meaning. If two things are equivalent, they are equal or almost equal to each other although they might be in different places. For example, the British ‘prime minister’ is equivalent to the United States ‘president’ because both the ‘prime minister’ and ‘president’ are the most powerful politicians in their country. If somebody ensures something, the person makes sure that something is correct or true or OK. For example, if I am going on a trip, I will check my pocket to ensure that I have my passport. A clause is a grammar word that describes part of a sentence that contains a subject and a verb. Most clauses also contain an object or subject complement. Some clauses are ‘reduced’ which means that subject (and sometimes the auxiliary verb) are omitted. The phrase part of speech is used to describe the different types of words that are used in English. For example, ‘noun’, ‘verb’, ‘adjective’ and ‘adverb’ are four common parts of speech. The expression (and/or) vice versa is used to indicate that the opposite of something which was just mentioned is also true. For example, ‘If the book is on the shelf, put it in the box and vice versa’ means ‘If the book is on the shelf, put it in the box and if the book is in the box, put it on the shelf. This article is provided as a free service to all test preparation students by Higher Score, Canada’s number one test preparation centre. Students are welcome to send copies of this article to other students who are taking a test. However, this article may not be distributed in any other way without the expres s written consent of Higher Score. This article is copyright Higher Score, 2007. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form without permission. www. higherscore. ca contact@higherscore. ca How to cite Talk Show Example Script, Essay examples

Accounting for Managers Global Reporting Initiative

Question: Describe about the Accounting for Managers for Global Reporting Initiative. Answer: Introduction The Global Reporting initiative is a widely used global reporting framework that provides direction to the companies. The companies by applying these guidelines improve their disclosure relating to sustainability. The Blackmore is the largest health care business of Australia. In this report an attempt is made to analyze the environmental and social impact of the Blackmores operations (Hahn Khnen, 2013). The GRI guidelines and the changes in the annual reports that are required in annual report are also discussed. The report highlights the benefits that the potential investors, shareholders and other stakeholders will have on implementing of the GRI guidelines by the Blackmores. Features of Blackmores Maurice Blackmore 1932 established the company Blackmores and since then the company has come long way to become the Australia leading health care company. The company has combined traditional methods with the scientific methods for providing optimal well being and health (Junior et al., 2014). The company uses ingredients from around the world for producing extensive range of products that includes herbal supplements, mineral supplements, vitamins and nutritional foods. The products made comply with the rules laid down in Australian Manufacturing Standards and quality checks are conducted at regular intervals. The Blackmores is a publicly listed ASX100 company with $2.3 billion market capitalization. The company was unable to maintain stock for the growing demands in the Asian market. As a result, the company has entered into number of partnership arrangements and invested heavily in the capacity building of the company. The company also maintained inventory of critical scare raw materials so that the company could maintain the stock of the products in the vulnerable markets (Fernandez-Feijoo et al., 2014). The company has seen a 52% increase in sales during the year 2016. The company has incurred total expenses of $454.00 million in operation during 2016, which is a 43% increase in expenses from the previous year. The sales related expenses has incased by 46% to become $225.00 million during the year. The increase in expenditure and growth of sales related expenses along with sales growth figure shows that the company is focused on product innovations and sales (Gherardi et al., 2014). The positive effect of the heavy expenses is that the company in just last 12months has managed to produce 43 million capsules and 486 million tablets and has shipped them to around 25000 retail partners across the globe. This also reflects the unprecedented demand of the products of the Blackmores (Islam et al., 2016). The company has undertaken various capacity building initiative to meet the customers demand and maintain the quality standard. The company has increased its staff and has shifted the packaging facility. The company has audited suppliers to find most secured suppliers that maintains high standard of quality (Fonseca et al., 2014). It has increased its warehouse facility across Australia. The company in order to carter to the demands of the domestic and international market has invested in plant equipment that will increase the production capacity from 4000 tablets per minute to 13000 tablets per minute. Environmental and Social Impact of the Blackmores operation The company heavily relies on natural environment for its wide range of products. Therefore, the company is committed in practicing environment sustainable operation. The term sustainable development means economic progress or development without damaging or depleting the environment (Adams et al., 2014). The company not only focuses on environmental protection but also incorporates corporate governance, responsibility to the community and workplace practice into sustainable development. Environmental Impact The company is continuously engaged in exploring alternative ways so that the environmental impact of its operation could be minimized. In order to reduce its environmental impact from packaging operation the company has signed the Australian packaging covenant. This is changing the operating culture of the business by combing the efforts of government, business and community to find a sustainable packaging solution of the business. The company uses glass for packaging its product to reduce its waste (Higgins et al., 2015). The company in the year 214 has initiated a process called close loop for bulk deliveries in packaging facility. This initiative has reduced the waste and cost thereby increasing the operating efficiency of the company. The companys other environmental friendly initiative is that it has adopted a paperless order picking. The headquarters of the company also has numerous environmental sustainable features as it has own electricity generation plant that runs in para llel with local grid. The company also promotes bio diversity in the local environment. Social impact The company is committed for long-term social responsibility. The company always held the firm believes that if the peoples are taken care off then people will take care of other issues. The company in order to promote its corporate values positively influences society through its education, research and social participation initiatives. The company is dedicated in building local and global partnership so that a culture of health and wellbeing could be established. The primary aim of the company is to build marketplace, community and supportive work force. The company has supported more than 50 charitable institutions and numerous individual for creating brighter future (Farneti Rammal, 2013). GRI guidelines The G4 sustainability reporting launched by The Global reporting initiative has improved sustainability reporting and it has helped the reporters and the shareholders. The GRI guideline offers description of the reporting process that is applicable to all the organizations that are preparing sustainability report. In accordance with this guideline, the reporting organization is required to disclose the critical impacts the business operation has on society, economy and environment (Lee Vachon, 2016). The impact whether positive or negative both are to be disclosed as per the requirement. This generates standardized relevant informations that is reliable and is useful in assessing the opportunities and risks. This guideline has enabled both the stakeholders and the business to make a more informed decision. These guidelines have been designed so that they can be implemented in any type of organization across the globe. The GRI in 2000 has recommended a structure of the report with si x key elements of CEO Statement, Profile of reporting organization, executive summary and key indicators, strategy and vision, policies, management system and performance. In 2002, separate executive summary statement was removed and the CEO statement was removed to vision and strategy section. The GRI requires the company to consult with the stakeholders and to report the outcomes of such consultations (Bhaduri Selarka, 2016). The primary aim of the sustainability report is to provide new opportunities for positive change, doing business with the sustainable development for better social development and to provide long-term sustainable financial performance of the company. The Blackmores in 2016 has prepared its first sustainability report. This report provides the basis for future reporting. The report has been prepared with the extensive consultation of stakeholders as per the requirements of the GRI guidelines. GAP Analysis The G4 sustainability guideline must be applied in preparing the sustainability report by the organizations. The content of the sustainability report prepared by the company should: Identify relevant areas and the effects on the activities, service, product and relationship should be assessed; It should be identified whether the impact occurs within the organization or outside the organization; The identified aspects should be prioritize according to the materiality and it should be decided how much coverage to be given to the various aspects; The managements approach should be disclosed; The indicators that are related to the material aspects should be disclosed; The Blackmores has started the sustainability report on 2016 so the annual reports prior to these periods are analyzed. This analysis is conducted to find the gap in the information presented in the annual report. The G4 sustainability guideline has given more emphasis on materiality. According to the GRI guideline, the contents of the report should be focused and the issues that are most critical to the business should be reported in details. The report therefore should focus on material issue that is known as Material Aspect and the focus should be maintained throughout the report (Lee 2015). The report should also mention the initiative taken by the management in order to manage the material aspects. This is provided in the report under the heading Disclosure on management approach. The report should highlight the impact of the material aspects identified. The report must explain the process of identifying the material aspects and hoe the stakeholders are involved in the process ( Ong et al., 2016). The Blackmores in 2015 has not prepared the annual report in accordance with the GRI guidelines. As a result, the annual report does not include the identification of material aspects and there is no disclosure on management approach. If the guideline had followed then the annual report of the company would include the above-mentioned requirements. The implementation of this guideline will help the company to shorter the organization report as the disclosure of material aspects will be in the form of lists. The company is required to assess the impact of each of the material aspects. This is known as the boundary. In order to comply with the GRI guidelines the Blackmores in its annual report is required to disclose the process that is applied to define the impact of the material aspects (Goswami Lodhia 2014). The companies will be required to document and report on the process in the annual report. The GRI guideline provides that the company can prepare a report using any of the two in accordance level. This two reporting methods are preparing the report meeting the in accordance criteria and preparing the report without meeting the in accordance criteria. The Blackmores can choose to follow the criterias to achieve the in accordance level or it should prepare the report without using in accordance and simply following the GRI guidelines (Boiral Henri 2015). The GRI guideline gives importance to the supply chain issue. It requires that the company must disclose how the social and environmental issues relating to the supply chain are managed. The guideline requires the company to disclose the followings: The procedures for screening the suppliers in accordance with the social and environmental impacts; The identification of the actual and potential negative impact related to the supply chain; The actions taken to reduce or mitigate the impact should be disclosed; The grievance related to supply chain management should be identified and the steps that are taken to mitigate such grievances should be disclosed; The Blackmores is required to design and implement a process for evaluating the impacts of the supply chain. This will require new process to identify the suppliers that have negative social and environmental impact. Benefits of GRI The GRI guidelines provides a framework that address the broad performance relating to social, environmental and economic issues and how it is reported to the stakeholders. This guides the organization in proving the impact. It is a widely used method for sustainability reporting so it increases the comparability of the results of different organizations across the globe. The reporting requirements of this guidelines enhances the accountability of the company as a result the more interested in assessing the impact of their operations. This accountability and the assessment of the operation of the business are helping in developing a more cohesive society. The sustainability reporting has also helped in building trust between the company and stakeholders (Adams 2013). There are investors that only invest in a more sustainable way of business. The sustainable business practice is very important for attracting potential investors. The reporting under GRI guidelines provides all the info rmation relating to sustainable business practice in a more systematic manner therefore potential investors give much value to this report. The supply chain management has been given huge focus in GRI guidelines therefore company will provide equal attention to all the stakeholders and not only investors. Conclusion The study above has shown that the GRI guidelines of sustainable reporting are an integral part of holistic reporting. The reporting based on GRI guideline helps the company to increase its reputation and efficiency. This reporting also aims to provide numerous benefits to other stakeholders. In conclusion it can be said that sustainable reporting has helped Blackmore to gain more efficiency, effectiveness and transparency in operations. This has in turn positively affected the performance of the business. Part B. 1 Global Therapeutics was established in 1999 by Byron Bay. Theproduct range of the company is the combination of modern scientific medicines and ancient Chinese medicine. In analyzing the financial statement of the company, it is found that major expense is the cost of inventories that are sold, then major expense is the employee benefit related expenses and another significant expenses of operation is operating lease payments. Therefore the significant costs of the Global Therapeutics related to operations are inventory cost, employee related expenses and lease payment. Another significant cost of the company apart from the current operating costs is the selling and distribution costs (DRURY 2013). 2. The change in the different type of costs due to change in the production level is referred to as cost behavior. There are primarily three types of costs according to the cost behavior. These costs are fixed costs, variable costs and semi variable costs. The fixed costs are those costs that do not change with the fluctuation in the level of production. These costs are incurred even if no units are produced for example rent. The number of units produced increases then the fixed costs per unit decreases and vice versa (Chen et al., 2012). The variable costs are those costs that are directly related to productions. The variable costs increases as the number of units produced increases and vice versa. The per unit variable costs always remains constant and does not change with the number of units produced. There is another type of cost that is a mix of variable and fixed costs this is known as semi variable costs. An example of semi variable costs is telephone expense (Hibbard et al., 20 13). The mixed costs are spitted in fixed and variable costs with the help of cost behavior analysis technique. In the case of Global Therapeutics the major costs of operations that were identified are inventory costs, employee related expenses and the lease payment. The inventory costs are variable costs because the inventory costs changes with change in production level. The lease payments are example of fixed costs because the lease payment is not affected by the level of production. The employee related expenses are the example of semi variable costs as there is a component of both fixed salary and variable bonuses and commissions (Armstrong, 2014). 3. In order to ascertain whether the breakeven analysis is an important tool for evaluating the desirability of Global Therapeutic acquisition it is important to have an understanding of breakeven analysis its advantages and disadvantages. The analysis of the relationship between the costs and profit volume at various activity levels is referred to as breakeven analysis. The breakeven point is that level of activity where the business makes neither profit nor loss (Hedman et al., 2012). At this level, the total money received from sales is spent for producing the item of sales. There are certain advantages of break-even analysis this are: It helps to measure profit and loss at different levels of productions and sales; It helps to predict the change in sales price; It is helpful in analyzing the relationship between the fixed and variable costs; There are certain disadvantages of breakeven analysis and this are: It is assumed that sales price are constant at all levels of production; It is also assumed that the production and the sales are the same; The breakeven analysis chart requires a lot of time to be prepared; It is applicable only for single product or single mix products; The breakeven point indicates the total amount of sales that the business needs before it starts earning profits. The breakeven analysis helps the business to identify the excessive fixed costs and reducing these fixed costs will help the business make more profit. In evaluating a business for acquisition, it is important that the cost behavior should be appropriately analyzed if breakeven analysis is to be used as the decision making tool (Cuganesan et al., 2012). The analysis of costs behavior means the determination of fixed, variable and mixed costs. This will help to identify the inefficiencies that could be reduced by reducing the costs. The decision making using break-even analysis means a project that helps in achieving the breakeven point early will be considered as a suitable project (Nekarda Ramey, 2013). Therefore reduction in fixed costs and achieving the break even early will be the only factors that would be considered in decision. If the profitability in short term i s the primary decision making objective then the breakeven analysis is the suitable method for screening projects. 4. Then balance scorecard is a strategic management and planning tool that is used by the business to align its activities with the vision statement of the organization. The balance scorecard approach makes a holistic view of the organization. It helps to improve the performance of the organization by measuring that is important (Grant, 2016). The balance score card approach analyses the business with the four perspectives this are financial, internal business process, customer, growth and learning. Financial Perspective In the financial perspective, the first objective is to increase the sales growth and the second objective is to increase the return on capital employed. In order to achieve the objective of sales growth the company is required to spend more on advertising the Chinese medicine and create channels with the established practicetioner of Chinese medicine (Kotas, 2014). The company in order to increase sales can also arrange for workshops promoting the importance and popularity of Chinese medicine. The second objective is to increase return on capital employed. In order to achieve this objective it is important that the company increase its profit. The profit can only be increased by reducing costs and increasing sales (Shephard 2012). The company can achieve both the increase in sales and reduction in costs by achieving optimum and functioning efficiently. This is could be helpful in evaluating the performance of the business. Customer perspective In the customer perspective, the primary objective is to attain customer satisfaction and another objective is to increase market share. The company can achieve the objective of customer satisfaction if the medicine is authentic and helpful in curing the diseases (Uyar Kuzey, 2016). The available of the medicine across the medical stores are important for customer satisfaction. In order to achieve the objective of increasing market share the company is required to aggressive marketing for capturing the market, increase the visibility of the product, create new distribution channels etc (Monczka et al., 2015). Internal business process perspective In internal business process, perspective the objective of the company is to increase the modernization of the process and the other objective is to manage inventory appropriately. In order to achieve the objective of modernization it is important to note that the Chinese medicines are ancient techniques so technology should be used prudently. The technology that increase productions and reduces costs should be adopted to attain this objective (Schuster 2015). The objective of proper inventory management can be achieved if the inventories are appropriately accounted in either the FIFO or LIFO basis. The stock levels should be appropriately evaluated and calculated so that there is no shortage of stock and unnecessary funds are not blocked in the stock. Learning and growth perspective In the learning and growth perspective, the two objectives are job satisfaction of the employees and training and learning opportunities to the employees. The company can attain the objective of job satisfaction by giving employees the best suitable jobs and by providing best working environment (De Zoysa et al., 2014). The company can attain the other objective by providing educational and learning facility. Part C 1. a) Statement showing calculation of Breakeven point and sales Particulars Protein Shakes Power up Vitamin Recharge bars Fixed Costs $ 58,783.78 $ 58,783.78 $ 27,432.43 Contribution per unit $ 4.35 $ 5.55 $ 2.80 Breakeven point 13512 10590 9794 Break even sales $ 105,392.81 $ 100,609.41 $ 54,849.19 b) Statement showing calculation of profit after tax Particulars Protein Shakes Power up Vitamin Recharge bars Units 15000 15000 7000 Selling Price per unit $ 7.80 $ 9.50 $ 5.60 Sales $ 117,000.00 $ 142,500.00 $ 39,200.00 Less: Variable costs Ingredient costs $ (46,500.00) $ (54,000.00) $ (19,250.00) packaging costs $ (5,250.00) $ (5,250.00) $ (350.00) Contribution $ 65,257.80 $ 83,259.50 $ 19,605.60 less: Fixed costs $ (58,783.78) $ (58,783.78) $ (27,432.43) Profit Before Tax $ 6,474.02 $ 24,475.72 $ (7,826.83) Less: tax @30% $ (1,942.20) $ (7,342.71) $ - Profit After tax $ 4,531.81 $ 17,133.00 $ (7,826.83) 2. Suggesting strategic alternative To: Retail head of Blackmores From: Strategic consultant Date: 18/09/2016 Subject: suggestion of alternative strategic initiatives Introduction In this memo, alternative strategic initiatives are suggested so that the required objectives could be achieved. The required objectives is to attain early breakeven of the company and increase profit of the company. Strategic initiatives The breakeven level can be reached early either by increasing contribution or by reducing fixed cost. The increase in contribution involves reducing variable costs or increase in sales price. The increase in sales price will reduce the competitive edge of the company so increasing sales price is not an option (Aoki Nguyen, 2014). The company can reduce costs but cost reduction involves reduction of excess expenses. If the company is incurring excess expenses then it should be reduced to improve the profit and achieve early breakeven sales. The other option is to increase the sales. On analyzing the statement of profit after tax, it can be seen that all the products except recharge is making a net profit (Fullerton et al., 2013). The Recharge bar has a positive contribution but it is making a net loss. These situations can be improved by increasing the sales of recharge bar that will increase contribution and eliminate loss. The Recharge bar attains no profit no loss at the level 271 81 units. Therefore, the company should at least sell these units to reduce costs and increase profit. Conclusion Based on the above analysis it is suggested that the company should increase its sell to increase the profits. The revised estimates show that the company will increase its overall profit by this strategy. The calculation is shown in the appendices. Reference Adams, C. (2013). Sustainability reporting and performance management in universities: Challenges and benefits.Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal,4(3), 384-392. Adams, C., Muir, S., Hoque, Z. (2014). Measurement of sustainability performance in the public sector.Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal,5(1), 46-67. Aoki, M., Nguyen, T. P. D. (2014). The Evolution of Management Accounting Practices in Vietnam-a Survey research on Vietnamese food and beverage enterprises. Armstrong, P. (2014). Limits and possibilities for HRM in an age of management accountancy.New Perspectives On Human Resource Management op. cit. at, 154-166. Bhaduri, S. N., Selarka, E. (2016). Corporate Social ResponsibilityGuidelines and Best Practices. InCorporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility of Indian Companies(pp. 33-42). Springer Singapore. Boiral, O., Henri, J. F. (2015). Is sustainability performance comparable? A study of GRI reports of mining organizations.Business Society, 0007650315576134. Chen, C. X., Lu, H., Sougiannis, T. (2012). The agency problem, corporate governance, and the asymmetrical behavior of selling, general, and administrative costs.Contemporary Accounting Research,29(1), 252-282. Cuganesan, S., Dunford, R., Palmer, I. (2012). Strategic management accounting and strategy practices within a public sector agency.Management Accounting Research,23(4), 245-260. De Zoysa, A., Bhati, S., De Zoysa, M. (2014). A survey of cost and management accounting practices in Sri Lanka. DRURY, C. M. (2013).Management and cost accounting. Springer. Farneti, F., Rammal, H. G. (2013, July). Sustainability reporting in the Italian public sector: motives and influences. InSeventh Asia Pacific Interdisciplinary Research in Accounting Conference, Kobe(pp. 26-28). Fernandez-Feijoo, B., Romero, S., Ruiz, S. (2014). Effect of stakeholders pressure on transparency of sustainability reports within the GRI framework.Journal of Business Ethics,122(1), 53-63. Fonseca, A., McAllister, M. L., Fitzpatrick, P. (2014). Sustainability reporting among mining corporations: a constructive critique of the GRI approach.Journal of Cleaner Production,84, 70-83. Fullerton, R. R., Kennedy, F. A., Widener, S. K. (2013). Management accounting and control practices in a lean manufacturing environment.Accounting, Organizations and Society,38(1), 50-71. Gherardi, L., Guthrie, J., Farneti, F. (2014). Stand-alone Sustainability Reporting and the Use of GRI in Italian Vodafone: A Longitudinal Analysis.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,164, 11-25. Goswami, K., Lodhia, S. (2014). Sustainability disclosure patterns of South Australian local councils: a case study.Public Money Management,34(4), 273-280. Grant, R. M. (2016).Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Hahn, R., Khnen, M. (2013). Determinants of sustainability reporting: a review of results, trends, theory, and opportunities in an expanding field of research.Journal of Cleaner Production,59, 5-21. Hedman, E., Ljtsson, B., Lindefors, N. (2012). Cognitive behavior therapy via the Internet: a systematic review of applications, clinical efficacy and costeffectiveness.Expert review of pharmacoeconomics outcomes research,12(6), 745-764. Hibbard, J. H., Greene, J., Overton, V. (2013). Patients with lower activation associated with higher costs; delivery systems should know their patientsscores.Health affairs,32(2), 216-222. Higgins, C., Milne, M. J., van Gramberg, B. (2015). The uptake of sustainability reporting in Australia.Journal of Business Ethics,129(2), 445-468. Islam, M. A., Jain, A., Thomson, D. (2016). Does the global reporting initiative influence sustainability disclosures in Asia-Pacific banks?.Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, 1-16. Junior, R. M., Best, P. J., Cotter, J. (2014). Sustainability reporting and assurance: a historical analysis on a world-wide phenomenon.Journal of Business Ethics,120(1), 1-11. Kotas, R. (2014).Management accounting for hotels and restaurants. Routledge. Lee, K. H. (2015). Does Size Matter? Evaluating Corporate Environmental Disclosure in the Australian Mining and Metal Industry: A Combined Approach of Quantity and Quality Measurement.Business Strategy and the Environment. Lee, K. H., Vachon, S. (2016). Carbon Management in the Supply Network: Measurement and Reporting. InBusiness Value and Sustainability(pp. 135-170). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., Patterson, J. L. (2015).Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Nekarda, C. J., Ramey, V. A. (2013).The cyclical behavior of the price-cost markup(No. w19099). National Bureau of Economic Research. Ong, T., Trireksani, T., Djajadikerta, H. G. (2016). 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Genetic Essays - Cytogenetics, Aneuploidy, Genetic Disorder

Genetic Disorders Alterations in human chromosomes or the deletion of an important gene product are often due to a mutation, which can spring an abundant strand of genetic mutations and improper coding. Mutations can spring from deletion, duplication or inversion of a chromosome. This improper deletion is the factor that leads to complications and ultimately genetic disorders. Turner Syndrome and Cat-cry Syndrome are both alterations of chromosome structure due to deletion. In Turner Syndrome, there is a missing X chromosome and in the Cat-cry Syndrome chromosome-18 has been lost or deleted. Other genetic disorders that give rise to discussion are point mutations which include Sickle cell anemia, Maternal PKU and the genetic disorder of The D1 Trisomy syndrome. Turner Syndrome was described first by Turner in 1938 (Jack H. Hung 1989 p.45) and it was established that this disorder was due to the deletion of an X chromosome in 1959 by Ford, Jones, Polani, de Ameida and Briggs. The most predominant traits of those who have this disorder consist of being short, having neck webbing with a low hairline and having a widely spaced chest. Turner Syndrome disease is not a fatal disease as long as there is management of possible heart problems and ovarian dysfunction. Early support and counseling are the key in dealing with psychological problems that may arise such as infertility and potential hearing loss. Cat-cry Syndrome is another deletion disorder in which inhibitor survives quite well. Lejeune recognized this disorder in 1964 and he gave it the official name of La Maladie du Cri-du-Chat. The physical characteristics are evident in this disorder. There is a round moon-face, a low birth weight and a transverse palmar crease. When infants are born, it is their cry that stands out the most. It embodies a plaintive high-pitched wail, weak, and with a hint of stridor that sounds like that of a cat (Valtine 1969 p.113). This cry is the result of small vocal cords and a curved epiglottis. As these infants grow older their voice will eventually deepen and become more normal. The chromosome deletion is part of the short arm of a B group chromosome. It seems that the deletion comes about as a chance mishap, a break and then a loss at anaphase (Valtine 1969 p.114). Sickle cell disease is another disorder but is not caused by the deletion of a chromosome. Instead there is an abnormal type of hemoglobin S that is inherited as an autosomal inherited trait. This disease produces chronic anemia, which may become life threatening when hemolytic crises (the breakdown of redblood cells) or aplastic crises (bone marrow fails to produce blood cells) occur http://www.wcu.edu/library/online/index.htm). The incidence of this disorder is 1/400 African Americans and 8/100,000 people. The manifestations of this disease are a result of the fragility and inflexibility of the sickle red bloodcells. When exposed to a lack of water, infection, and low oxygen supply, these delicate red blood cells take the shape of a crescent. This then causes blood cell devastation and thickening of the blood. Sickle cell anemia has the potential to be life threatening and can affect other body systems and parts of the body. Those included are the nervous system, bones, the kidneys and the liver. Maternal PKU is a genetic disorder that stems from point mutation. 1/15,000 people fall victim to the disorder. Phenylketonuria (PKU) has been shown as a cause of retardation in infant fetuses. Children in the fetus begin with a normal amount of phenylalanine hydroxylase but are affected by the mother's elevated phenylalanine level due to the imbalance of prenatal amino acid (Kenneth Lyons Jones, M.D. 1988). Mental deficiency is clearly evident in disorder and usually consists of I.Q.s of 50. There are frequent mild manifestations of dysfunction and there are mild characteristics of a round face, thin upper lip, a small upturned nose and a deformed maxilla. Occasional abnormalities that are frequently associated with this disorder are sacral spine anomalies, cleft lip and irritability. The D1 Trisomy Syndrome is a very rare hideous disease that occurs during the time of infancy. Only just over a dozen cases on record. This diagnosis can often be made at birth due to the consistent abnormalities. "The baby is frail, puny, and microcephalic. There may be deformities of the scalp or skull and there is invariably cleft lip or palate (Kenneth Lyons Jones, M.D.). The fingers and toes are often disfigured on these victems. As far as the other body parts go, there is a congenital heart deformity and there is often abnormal lobulation of the lungs. Interestingly

Air Care Gap Analysis

Air Care Gap Analysis Abstract Every airline company has its own unique operation and long term strategies. Just like in other industries such as the agricultural, banking and manufacturing sectors, airline industries across the globe have different goals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Air Care Gap Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They get cargo ships, tourists’ small jets, military air crafts and private chattered crafts. Although all of them fall in the same industry, one of the airplanes facing stiff competition is the passengers’ plane. These airlines need a lot financial capital to successfully run while at the same time, the industry is flooded by many players. Additionally, these commercial jets work with multicultural customers, who have different beliefs and understanding. As a result, the industry is faced with a big challenge of ensuring that all their customers’ needs are met. If a company fails to achieve this, it might risk its survival in the market. In this paper, a sample study is taken from Air Care and their ability to create satisfaction to their customers. The study is, however, focused on the customers perspective and satisfaction levels over services being achieved by the industry (Fattah 2011). Introduction With ever increasing day to day competition among industries, there has been a big realization for managers to closely monitor their operating environment through monetary, technical and customer levels of efficiency. Quality provision is vital for any industry to grow. This paper has an objective of investigating the extent of customers’ satisfaction among Air Care. To carry out the research, 10 customers were randomly sampled among those who normally use the services of Air Care.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The customers were t aken through survey questioners based on SERVQUAL model. The questionnaires consisted of 22 questions, which measured all levels of experience and expectations in the industry (Shaw 2004). Literature Review Due to intangible nature of service, defining service quality and satisfaction has become very hard to achieve. Service quality researches are taken by the most accepted SERVQUAL model (Fattah 2011). Since the development of this tool, researchers from all over the world have applied the twenty two item scale in studying service quality across various sectors of industries. This paper is based on the relationship between the service providers and their customers in wide scope over creation of satisfaction in the sector. To develop this system, quality measurement indicators need to be identified after which a system can be developed to enable the functionality of the indicators. Among those indicators are the feedbacks from the customers over empathy, assurance, reliability, resp onsiveness, and tangibles. Airline industries as service providers with one to one interaction with the customers need to develop tight strategic measures that will enable them to retain as well as attract more customers. Since the quality of service sends more long-term impact to the customers, other tangible products and players in the service industry should ensure they have good strategies to handle their customers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Air Care Gap Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To achieve these, airline industries need to develop a unique recruitment and screening system to ensure that their customers are satisfied with the services provided. Additionally, they should have seasoned training programs to cope with the ever changing airline field. This also makes the companies use research guided training programs and constant adjustments to achieve maximum output. Customer and employee rela tionship is viewed both as a marketing strategy by the players in the industry and as an output quality strategy (Czincota 2009). Methodology This study was carried out with a sample of 10 subjects randomly sampled from most frequent Air Care customers in the neighbourhood. The Respondents were contacted and briefed over the research. They were informed about their rights, responsibilities and ethical considerations. The 22 item questionnaire based on the most recommended SERVQUAL model was used(Kotler 2002). The questionnaire administered followed two distinct grouping. First section was based on the expectations of Air Care customers’ expectations (E); the next part checked the Experience level of customers (Ep). Likert scale was then developed based on the 22 items. The scale was found to be the best as it limits the answers to a measurable level that is also easy to compute. Before the questionnaires could be administered, the participants were first taught on how to hand le their questions such as marking and selection of answered (Fattah 2011). All the given questionnaires were returned answered appropriately. The responses of all 10 respondents were recorded. The following score scale was used;Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Strongly Agree =5 Agree =4 Fairly agree =3 Disagree =2 Strongly Disagree =1 Survey: below questionnaire has two parts. The first part is ranking Air Care according to the expectation of the sample group. The next one shows their perception Fig1. Questionnaire Statement Score Excellent airlines to have modern equipments Perfect airlines have appealing environment. Employees in good airlines must be neat Appealing documents are expected to be present in perfect airlines Airlines have efficient processes Airlines are customer focused and provide full attentions to its customers There is efficiency in timing of processes They adhere to time and promises Their records are error free Employees are always willing to help customers Employees communicate effectively with customers Employees are ready to provide the customers with aid The responses of employees are very quick to customers Emplo yees are self confident Customers safety is assured Employees are very cautious Employees are knowledgeable to customers problems Airlines provide individual attention Convenient operating hours Employees offering personal services Airlines put their customers in the first place Employees understand their customers Survey: Air Care perception. Fig 3 Questionnaire Statement Score Airlines have excellent modern equipment There is an appealing environment. The employees are neat Appealing documents The processes are efficient Airlines are customer focused and treat their customers properly There is efficiency in timing of processes They adhere to time and promises Their records are error free Employees are always willing to help customers Employees communicate effectively with customers Employees are ever there for customers aid Employ ees are ready to provide the customers with aid Employees are confident Customers safety is assured Employees are very cautious Employees are knowledgeable to customers problems Airlines provide individual attention Convenient operating hours Employees offering personal services Airlines put their customers in the first place Employees understand their customers The sample size distribution was described by the distribution table. Mean standard deviations were then computed and T-test was carried out in order to test significant differences of the sample means. All the tools were applied to ensure that the answers were as accurate as possible and could provide an easy analysis. Findings and Discussion Figure 1: Demographic profile of the respondents Age Male Female Total 12-22 2 1 3 23-33 1 2 3 34-44 1 1 2 44-54 1 1 64- 1 1 Total 5 5 10 Service Gap Analysis Service gap based on the experience an d expectations of the customers was then analysed as per the 22 item questionnaires. During the computerization, the data were entered according to three distinct occupational groups. Those who worked in the public sector were recorded as (public), those who worked in private sector were recorded as (private) and those who were unemployed were (none). The categorization was found to be easier to execute, simple to communicate out as compared to when the age was used. In addition, most customers were found to be employed either as professionals or simply seeking employment or trade opportunities (Haridasini 2011). Discussion From the result of the three major groups i.e. the public, private and none, all had a lot of expectations about tangibles, as shown in Appendix A. The reliability, however, has never met the expectations. Consequently, the level of assurances and responsiveness was very high. Most customers perceived very little empathy averagely. Most customers believe that emp loyees do not pay too much attention to their customers. As a result, there was a strong disagreement on compassionate nature of the employees towards their customers. The airline industry as a service provider with one to one customers interaction needs to develop tight strategic measures that will enable them to retain as well as attract more customers. Sense of appeal was strongly noted to be lacking in the Air Care (Haridasini 2011). Most of the products relayed lacked tastes of appeal from the offices to the cabins. Employees also failed to provide a quick response to their customers. Based on the research, the following differencing plane was computed. A differencing plane graph From the results obtained, it is evident that most customers are not yet satisfied with the Air Care services. Customers lack the expected empathy. Employees’ response to customers is slow. As a result, some customers feel neglected. Customers expect good customer care service with quick respon ses. However, most services in Air Care still undergo a lot of bureaucratic procedures. The company has not created a strong assurance platform that promises customers that future services will correspond to their expectation. Managers need to put more emphases to create surety to their customers. Responsiveness and reliability are catered for in the Air Care; however, a lot is still required from the management team of the company in order to maximize their output (Czincota 2009). Conclusion Despite the fact that airways strive to meet their customers demand in the Air Care, several weakness have been detected. Most customers do expect a lot from the airports ranging from environmental appealing, comfort, service efficiencies and customer-employee relationship, however these have never been achieved by the companies. Hence, the companies have not satisfied most of their clients’ needs and they need to make major improvement to better world competition levels. Air Care can us e this information to come up with strategies of ensuring that all its customers are satisfied. Apart from this, the research provides a lot of information on what changes are expected to occur in the international marketing field. Customer views and levels of satisfactions change depending on seasons and places, utilizing the system will enable the organization to have better chance of attracting and retaining more customers. Currently, Air Care is seen to operate below their level due to little focus on customers’ needs. It is believed that redrafting their goals towards meeting customers’ satisfaction will enhance a lot of improvement in the industry. References Czincota, M 2009, Emerging Trends, Threats and Opportunities in International Marketing, Business Expert Press, New York Fattah, A 2011, Smart airports: transforming passenger experience to thrive in the new economy, Cisco internet business solution group: New York. Haridasini, A 2011, ]The sky portal: Busin ess traveler, Rutledge: London Kotler, P 2002, Marketing Management, Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd: New Delhi. Shaw, S 2004, Airline marketing and management, Ashgate: Aldershot, England

Special education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Special education - Assignment Example Children with all challenging conditions are qualified. Parent HELPLINE: Can be used by anyone and any family that needs emergency help. Reddix centre has trained professionals who offer to support and answer the questions of all those who are in a crisis. For more information call 210-397-2401. Most students with disabilities have barriers of all types. However, the advent of new technology has made life easier for most students. New technology is now helping most of these students to overcome all barriers. Medical Equipment: The medical equipment provides the students with physical flexibility in their movement while at the centre and in positioning their monitors when learning in classes. By using special toys, devices, equipment and computers, students with disabilities are also capable of handling all the activities without the help of parents, other students or teachers For more information Visit the Central Office at Nelly Reddix Centre or by call

Naval Hospital Guam Color Guard Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Naval Hospital Guam Color Guard - Article Example I ask you all to take that on as a true mission in the year ahead." On November 11, 2007 during the Veterans Day ceremony, Hospitalman Stephen Cendana of the U.S. Naval Hospital Guam took part in the Joint Color Guard that presented the flags at the honoring observance rite. Island residents and military dignitaries attended the event held at the Ricardo J. Bordallo Complex in Adelup to pay tribute to the veterans. The military tradition of duty, honor, and freedom resounded at the commemoration celebration. Scott Duenas, a navy veteran and one of the sixteen (16) Veterans of the Year expressed his pride for being part of the tradition of patriotism. Duenas said: "There's a lot of people who went before me. And today we've got other veterans serving on active duty and we also need to honor them." Hospitalman Cendana of the U.S. Naval Hospital Guam spoke of the great honor in taking part of the ceremonial Joint Color Guard that presented the flags because they represented not only the Navy but also the Armed Forces of the United States with many a number of decorated veterans in attendance. The annals of the U.S.

The Good Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Good Life - Essay Example As asserted by Plato in The Republic, the good life is basically defined in terms of the moral life. Although there is more to good life that morality, Plato believed morality is a vital component of living the good life. In this regard, the conflict between the good life and moral life becomes logically impossible in view of their internal relationship. (Nagel) In searching for the good life, one must strive to have a moral life. This endeavor leads us to break away from the senseless and ungratifying pursuit of physical pleasures, honors and material benefits that commonly take precedence over one's search for the moral life (Kraut). It is in this manner that my view is similar to Plato's. As Plato proposed that living a good life involves contemplation by ceasing to engage in unsatisfying interests, I also believe that a good life entails the same kind of thinking to seek out the truth about our happiness, a critical factor of the good life, by giving up on trivial pursuits. At this day and age when we are bombarded with myriad messages the powerful media about the superficial notions on how to satisfy our desires, this requires substantial sacrifice. According to Aristotle, living a good life necessitates the fulfillment of one's nature. ... Similarly, I believe that using our ability to think is crucial to the good life. The greatest gift that we possess is our ability to think and bring about the fullest potential of our brains. I also consider that using this ability to improve the chances of future generations to live a good life is of great importance. Apart from this condition to good life, Aristotle also provided a profile of one who may live a good life. He defined good life as the activity of the soul in accordance with virtue, which comprised of theoretical wisdom, practical wisdom, and understanding (Edel). As such, only those who are able to exemplify these are deemed capable to lead good lives. For Aristotle, this profile excludes women, slaves and lower classes including trades people and farmers because they are not capable of making their own decisions so they are unable to practice these virtues. Moreover, those who had experienced great loss are not able to lead the good life as it would be difficult to build new friendships, a necessary requirement to have a good life. The chronically ill would also find it difficult to have a good life for it is difficult for them to learn the desires of a healthy person since health is a requirement for leading the good life. (Haslip) In this point, my view on good life contradicts Aristotle's idea. This is because for me, good life is attainable regardless of age, race, gender, social standing, mental and emotional conditions. I believe that anyone who has the ability to hold one's intrapersonal factors separate from external and other environmental factors may achieve happiness, thus, live a good life. For instance, a sick person, although he/she is not of sound health, can still be happy

Levels Of Deprivation Amongst Different Ward Of Canterbury Economics Essay

Levels Of Deprivation Amongst Different Ward Of Canterbury Economics Essay This essay is going to compare the levels of deprivation amongst the different wards of the Canterbury district (Barton, Northgate, St Stephens, Westgate and Wincheap). I will make comparisons using statistical data from the Office of National Statistics  [1]  , in particular I will focus of factors such as educational attainment, physical environment and the housing stock (housing stock and number of people living in households). Canterbury is a fairly small city in the south east of England. Canterbury has a population of 148,100 (mid-year 2008 estimate)1. Canterbury district has the largest population of any local area in Kent. In 2000, the district also experienced the second largest population growth (+9%) of any Kent district with the exception of Ashford. This is partially because of the exponential increase of students; this is due to the rapid expansion of the Canterbury Universities, the University of Kent, Canterbury Christ Church University, and the University College for the Creative Arts and most recently GAU (The Girne American University). With an estimated 45,000 students  [2]  attending Canterburys four universities and further education colleges each year, generating money and employment for the local economy. In addition tourism is a very significant component of the local economy and in 2000, according to statistics, supported an estimated 4692 jobs and generated approximately  £132, 000,000 in expenditure  [3]  . Canterbury is in the  City of Canterbury  local government district. The citys urban area consists of the six wards  of Barton, Harbledown, Northgate, St Stephens, Westgate, and Wincheap. These wards are electoral wards which have fifteen of the fifty seats on the  Canterbury  City Council. Twelve of these seats are held by the  Liberal Democrats  and three by the  Conservatives. This is very beneficial to the city as it means the different areas can be controlled individually, so residents can put forward ideas and ask questions to their wards. Politicians who will try and help will try and help their residents. This is also very useful as there are two political parties as they will have different views and aims. This is valuable as each of the wards is very different. Each has a different style of housing, including a large creation in the household size. Also the environmental quality varies greatly across the wards. Within most cities there is considerable variation in the quality of life. This raises questions about equality of opportunity and social justice. In MEDCs, there are areas that are labelled as poor and these are areas of deprivation, poverty and exclusion. In MEDCs these are often inner-city areas or ghettos. The factors associated with deprivation are varied. Urban poverty and deprivation can be measured using a number of indices; these include physical measures; such as quality of housing, levels of pollution, incidence of crime etc, social indicators; including levels of health and access to services, and standard of education etc, economical indices; access to employment, and unemployment levels and political measures which include opportunities to vote and take part in community organisations. Major issues within inner cities in MEDCs are that properties have deteriorated and the majority of them are overcrowded households. Social segregation is another main problem along with racial discrimination, an example of this is in Brixton where people are socially excluded. To conclude the environmental issues also have a big issue on an areas deprivation. When the factories move to locations outside of the inner city, where land prices are cheaper, the factories will be left to decay, and the poor state of repair causes a depressing environment. Also in inner city often has a lack of open space, with pollution levels often being high due to traffic congestion. After the industrial revolution people became increasingly wealthy. This led to social segregation, the wealthier people moved out of inner city suburbs. People left in the inner city were older residents, single parent families, students, and poorer families. In addition the ethnic minorities were left behind in the inner city suburbs- formation of ghettos. Centrifugal movement, in particular counter urbanisation increase the problem. The movement of businesses to out of inner city areas leads to increasing unemployment levels as there are less employment opportunities available in the inner city, this will all eventually lead to the city becoming a dead heart. In addition the removal of businesses causes a loss of money from the area so there is little money available to invest in improvements. Furthermore out-of-town shopping centres mean that less wealthy people from the inner city are deprived of better shops as they might be less mobile, or cannot afford to travel out of the ci ty every time they wish to shop. Barton ward is Canterburys largest ward, in terms of land, in the local Canterbury area. Barton ward is situated in the south of Canterbury. This ward/area is particularly sought after by many including families and pensioners. The Barton Ward is home to 8,051 residents (2008 estimate)1, with 28% being within the 25-49 age band and 26% within the pensioner quartile. Within this ward are many different religious residents belonging to a variety of religious groups. The majority of the residents are Christian 78.4%, however there are 1.3% Muslim, 0.9% Hindu and 0.4% Buddhist, the rest of the residents either blond to another religion, the rest of the residents either belong to another religion, not religious or their religion was not recorded when collecting the data in the 2001 census. By having a variety of religions then it gives the residents a greater cultural awareness. In addition, 77% of the 8,051 residents had achieved 5 or more A* to C grade passes, including English and Math s, at GCSE or equivalent between 2008 and 2009.Picture1.png As previously mentioned the south of Canterbury and the Barton ward is a particularly sought after area. Local Canterbury estate agents describe the area as South Canterbury is the most prestigious and sought after areas within easy reach of the city and local amenities Godwin Curtis and one of Canterburys premier residential locations Regal Estates. The Barton ward had 677 dwellings in March 2008. The average value of property sales, using median averages, in 2008 are a lot higher than the average of the whole of Canterbury. With all dwellings at  £228,000; flats at  £172,500; terraced houses  £202,500; semi-detached houses  £250,000 and detached houses at  £375,000. All of the property values are significantly higher than the median average of England at only  £174,500. Another important factor when assessing an areas deprivation is the areas physical environment including land use. In January 2005, the Barton ward had a very high percentage of green space, 88.9% and an additional 5.3% of domestic gardens. So the Barton ward has a very large figure of green space, 94.2%. By having this high figure, residents can have a high quality of life as the environmental quality of the area is also very high. Large green spaces are essential as they provide an area for residents to relax, and be away from their busy working lives. So to conclude the Barton ward has a very low deprivation level; the latest Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) for this area was rank 25,186 out of 32,482 in England, where 1 was the most deprived and 32,482 the least. This is calculated by using the following factors (some evaluated above), income; employment; education, skills; health; housing and services; the living environment; and crime. St Stephens ward is the second largest ward in Canterbury, in terms of population. St Stephens ward is situated in the north of Canterbury, it covers areas such as Hales Place and St Stephens and other nearby areas. The St Stephens ward has 9,036 residents (2008 estimate)1, with a significant 47% being students as it is very close to the University of Kent, where 16,000 study. To support this only 11% of people aged 50 and over live in this area. This figure is very small in comparison to the Barton ward. Similarly to the Barton Ward, St Stephens also has a wide range of different religious cultures. Again the majority of residents are Christian 68%, also 1.5% is Muslim, and 0.7% is Hindu. However 28.8% have either no religion, the religion was not stated or more likely the religion was not recorded when statistical surveys took place. Quite importantly 60% of the residents of the ward achieved 5 or more A* to C grade passes, including English and Maths, at GCSE or equivalent between 2008 and 2009. This figure is higher than the percentages achieve in the Canterbury district and England average. This could be due to the University of Kent being within the top 40 universities in the UK so the entry requirements will be fairly high. Many families and pensioners avoid living in the north of Canterbury because of the large student population. So this makes the property values hard to value as many of the houses in the ward have been converted into student suitable housing, where they were originally 3-4 bedroom family houses now they are 6-7 bedroom student houses. Also the condition of student houses is stereotypically described as untidy and not well kept, true in most cases. Therefore these will all affect the property values however the median average of all dwellings in 2008 was  £220,000. Following this are flats at  £155,000; terraced houses at  £193,500; semi-detached houses  £225,000 and finally detached houses at  £308,000.However many houses in this ward are rented to students. The average rent price for a terraced house in this area is  £615  £837. This is fairly low in comparison with other areas in the rest of England. St Stephens ward has a huge 38.1% of green space, a lot of this coming from the University fields, which the University of Kent are pleased about what as they believe students work better and achieve better grades in a nicer and more calming environment. The latest Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) for this area was rank 25,289 out of 32,482 in England, where 1 was the most deprived and 32,482 the least. A ward very similar in many ways to St Stephens ward is the Westgate ward. Westgate ward is very near the city centre and stretches from the bottom of the city centre, Westgate Towers up to the St Stephens ward. The Westgate ward is home to 15,847 residents (2008 residents)1, with the majority of the residents being aged between 16 and 24, this cohort is 34% of the residents. This is closely followed by an also very high percentage of people aged between 0 and 15. From this you can tell that the Westgate ward has a very high birth rate in comparison with the other Canterbury wards. Notably there is a small population of aged people 50-64 however there is a rise in the number of people living in the ward that are aged 65 and over. This could be because of a few reasons, in particular they may few that they need to be close to services such as shops and medical services such as hospitals as they may not drive and they may prefer to be close to neighbours rather than secluded in a rural area in case there is a problem. Likewise there is another wide range of religious communities. There is a fairly moderate 1.2% of Muslim and this figure is closely followed by Buddhists at 0.8%. The Northgate ward has no record of educational attainment, so therefore no conclusion can be made from the education statistics of this ward. However the average value of property sales, in 2008 was low in comparison with the rest of Canterbury. The ave rage of all dwellings  £179,998 in this ward but the average price of all dwellings in Canterbury is  £195,000. Flats are valued at  £165,000; terraced houses at  £197,500; semi-detached houses at  £185,000; and detached houses at  £265,000. As well as property prices being low, there is also a very high percentage of non-domestic buildings within this ward, a huge 21.8% this is almost double the percentage of domestic buildings at 12.8%. The physical environment of the Westgate ward is fairly different to the rest of the wards as there is minimal green space. The latest Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) for this area was rank 25,190 out of 32,482 in England, where 1 was the most deprived and 32,482 the least. The Wincheap ward covers the west of Canterbury area. Along with the St Stephens ward, there is a fairly high population of 8,779 people (2008 estimate)1, with a moderate percentage of them being within the 16-24 age cohort, 46%, the second highest figure in the Canterbury area. The reason for this could be the property values being fairly low, all being below the median average for Canterbury. Of the 622 dwellings in this ward, the average value of property sales, in 2008, flats average was  £177,500; terraced houses,  £183,000; semi-detached houses  £173,000. However the Office of National Statistics has no record of an average price for detached houses, this could be because of two reasons; either, the Wincheap ward does not have any detached houses, there were either none built or they have been converted into flats so they are categorised as flats not as detached houses. Or when the Office of National Statistics collected data they did not collect data for detached houses. This is a problem when comparing between the wards of Canterbury, as there is data missing. To continue the Wincheap ward has the highest percentage of religious groups in Canterbury, with a high 0.8% of Buddhist and Muslim. These figures are almost double the value of Canterbury. Also there is a low percentage of Christians, 64.3%, this is 10% lower than the Canterbury average. By having these high levels of religious communities within an area there is no large separation between the different religions, reducing the deprivation levels to some as they still have access to the large range of services and facilities available. The Wincheap ward also has no record of educational attainment, so therefore no conclusion can be made from the education statistics of this ward. Furthermore the land use in the Wincheap ward has a high percentage of non-domestic buildings. This is possibly due to the Wincheap industrial estate, which has invited several large businesses such as Morrisons, Argos, and Staples; there are also several warehouse type buildings in the estate. The physical environment also has a large percentage of roads in comparison with the other wards of Canterbury. Wincheap ward has 15% of road and the rest of the Canterbury wards have approximately 10%. Finally there is also a fairly low percentage of green space and domestic gardens in comparison with the other wards. This could mean that the residents of the Wincheap ward may not feel as relaxed and may feel that they are deprived of large green space, where they can unwind. The latest Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) for this area was rank 21,699 out of 32,482 in England, where 1 was the most deprived and 32,482 the least. Finally the last ward left in the local Canterbury district is the Northgate ward. Northgate ward is the smallest ward in the Canterbury area. The ward is home to 8,779 people (2008 estimate)1. The Northgate is also home to the largest number of 16-25 year olds, a huge 48% of the total wards population. On the other hand, this ward also has a very low percentage of people aged 50 and over. In the Northgate ward is a fairly high population of the Muslim community, 1.7% this is very high in comparison with the average of Canterbury, which is only 0.6%. In addition to the Muslim community there are also other religious residents who belong to the Buddhist religion 0.5%. So overall in the Northgate ward there is a fairly low Christian population and a moderately high Muslim population. Similarly to the Westgate ward, the Northgate ward average value of property sales in 2008 was below the Canterbury average and just above the median average for England. The follow are the values of all t he properties in the Northgate ward. Flats are valued at  £177,500; terraced houses at  £183,000; and finally  £173,000. Finally the physical environment of the Northgate ward is fairly common, as it is similar to the majority of the rest of the Canterbury wards. There is a moderate percentage of green space 35.8% but a small percentage of domestic gardens at only 7.8%. The latest Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) for this area was rank 11,167 out of 32,482 in England, where 1 was the most deprived and 32,482 the least. So therefore the Northgate ward is the most deprived in the whole of the local Canterbury district. After evaluating all of the Canterbury wards, I can conclude that even though Canterbury is a fairly small city, it has a very high percentage, 83.2% of green space as a land use. From this you can see Canterbury has a lot of open spaces where residents can take a break, relax and forget about their busy work life. This is also seen in the percentage of domestic gardens, 6.1%, this is 2% above the value for the whole of England. In addition Canterbury has a large, wide variety of different services available from the new shopping complex, Whitefriars, the high street, recreational services such as a cinema, bowling alley, and ice rink. To continue there are also several outstanding secondary schools, two of them grammar, Barton Court and Simon Langton Boys and Girls. Likewise crime levels in Canterbury are very low in comparison to the rest of England. All of these factors have a major impact on Canterbury deprivation. Overall Canterbury has a very moderate level of deprivation ranke d 190 out of 354, where 1 is the most deprived. This is judged on a national level. Canterbury has seen successful redevelopment schemes. There have been major transport improvements e.g. Park and Ride scheme, which has improved accessibility to city centres. It has also helped to reduce levels of pollution and so quality of life has been improved. Another fairly recent project in Canterbury was the Whitefriars development. This involved creating a large modern styled shopping area, designed similar to large shopping complexes such as Bluewater and Lakeside. This attracted many large companies and designer brands to Canterbury. So along with the improved access, Canterbury gains many visitors/tourists, many of them visiting the Whitefriars complex. However there are many other schemes which have been unsuccessful. The high-rise flats were a disaster and many gentrification schemes had limited success. The traditional culture of central areas has been threatened by the demolishing of historic buildings. There has also been a failure to tackle the underlying economic problems of high unemployment. This means that poverty and its associated social, economic environmental problems still remain in these areas. In general there has been a lack of long term planning with too many different schemes. However there are a few schemes which have caused some controversy. A main issue is related to the rapid expansion of the various universities situated around the city, and the exponential increase in the number of students in the city. With this figure being so high, more accommodation and housing needs to be provided. This has meant student cities have been built, leading to the majority of north Canterbury (in particular St Stephens Ward, but also Westgate Ward), being overcrowded with students. With the large student population many families feel pressured to move house because of the problems that are typically associated with students, i.e. noise and car parking. With many people moving to other areas, property developers have hit the jackpot. They are converting what were originally typical 3-4 bedroom family houses into a 6-7 bedroom student houses. Canterbury City Council and the Government have realised this situation so have recently introduced a HMOs (Houses in Multiple O ccupation) scheme, where planning permission needs to be granted to enable the house to be converted so it is suitable for multiple occupation. This scheme has caused many complaints and arguments as families living in the area will have a struggle to sell their house as no one will buy it other than developers and developers will only buy it if it has been granted a HMO, and this is down to the councils decision. So if they do not grant the policy then it will prevent the family from moving or make it very difficult. This has caused a lot issues with residents, an article in a Canterbury local paper  [4]  wrote residents are fearful  proposed changes to legislation governing applications for houses in multiple occupation (HMOs) could tip the balance between student lets and family homes. Concerns have also been expressed over the anti-social behaviour  of a minority of students. I personally believe that schemes like this need to be reconsidered and possibly amended.

The Development of Object Permanence Essay -- Piaget Psychology Psycho

The Development of Object Permanence I never realized when I played Peek-A-Boo with different infants in my family, that I was teaching them one of the most valuable lessons in their life. I just thought it was a game that infants liked to play and it made them laugh. I didn’t know that this was so funny to them because they were fascinated with the fact that for one moment I wasn’t there and a moment later I popped back up. Little did I know I was teaching them one of their most important accomplishments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adults and older children never give a second thought to the fact that when something disappears out of sight that it still exists. It never crosses our minds to think about when exactly did the ability to â€Å"just know†develop. If something ceases to exist that was once right in someone’s hand right before our eyes we think we must be at a magic show. However, people don’t know that when they were an infant they had to develop the knowledge that when you don’t see something it still exists on earth. Technically, infants must be looking at a magic show everyday for months.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Piaget coined the term object permanence in 1954 to describe the understanding that objects continue to exist, even when they cannot be directly seen, heard or touched. While conducting an experiment on his son as Piaget often did he found that his son did not reach for a toy that he had hidden with a cover. Piaget took that to mean that his son must not know that they toy exists anymore. When Piaget started these experiments to test this phenomenon light bulbs lit up in the heads of developmental psychologists around the world as they probably said to themselves,†I never thought about that before†. Since the emergence of the idea of object permanence many psychologists have conducted experiments to either prove or disprove Piaget’s theory. Experiments to test the development of this phenomenon have been conducted for decades and continue to be a topic that many developmental psychologists study.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his book written in 1954 Piaget stated that â€Å"for young infants objects are not permanent entities that exist continuously in time but instead are transient entities that cease to exist when they are no longer visible and begin to exist anew when they come back into view.† He proposed the notion that infants do not begin to understand the object of object p... ...d they continue to hear it for years to come. However, that still doesn’t explain to me why infants find the game of Peek-A-Boo so amusing. After all this research I’m starting to think that they laugh and say to themselves inside their heads, â€Å"look a this fool, she thinks I don’t know she’s there when she covers her face. What a joke she is.† References Baillargeon, R. (1994). How do infants learn about the physical world? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 3, 133-140. Baillergeon, R., Spelke, E., & Wasserman, S. (Aug, 1985). Object permanence in five-month-old infants. Cognition, 20(3), 191-208. Baillargeon, R., & DeVos, J. (1991). Object permanence in 3.5 and 4.5-month-old infants: further evidence. Child Development, 62, 1227-1246. Baillargeon, R., & Graber, M. (1987). Where’s the rabbit? 5.5 month-old infants’ representation of the height of a hidden object. Cognitive Development, 2, 375-392. Jonsson, B., & von Hofsten, C. (2003). Infants’ ability to track and reach for temporary occluded objects. Developmental Science, 6(1), 86-99. Siegler, R., & Alibali, M. (2005). Children’s Thinking Fourth Edition. Prentice Hall Inc. Upper Saddle River NJ.